Hanno (son of Bomilkar)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Hanno († after 203 BC) was a 3rd century BC Living Carthaginian general. As Hannibal's general , he took part in the Second Punic War that Carthage waged against Rome .

Life

Hanno was a son of the sufete Bomilkar and perhaps a nephew of Hannibal. It is first mentioned in 218 BC. Mentioned in the early phase of the Second Punic War on the occasion of Hannibal's crossing over the Rhone . Part of the Celtic people of the Volcae wanted to prevent Hannibal from crossing the Rhone and occupied the bank opposite the Punic general. According to Hannibal's plan, Hanno was supposed to stab the Volcae in the back with a troop of Iberians . So Hanno marched upstream on the right bank to a point which the Gallic leaders pointed out to him. There the river was divided by an island and therefore easier to pass. Therefore, Hanno and his warriors crossed the river at this point, stopped for a day and then went back to the starting point on the left bank. He advanced on a hill at the back of the Volcae and informed Hannibal of his return by means of smoke signals. When Hannibal began to cross the river with his troops, Hanno attacked the Volcae in their rear and put them to flight (see Battle of the Rhone ). In the 216 BC During the battle of Cannae in the 4th century BC , in which Hannibal won a great victory over Rome, Hanno commanded the African, especially Numidian, horsemen of the right wing of the Punic forces.

Later Hanno moved with an army detachment to southern Italy and was in command of the battles in Bruttium and Lucania . According to the ancient war historian Appian , he directed the siege of Poetelia . 215 BC He is said to have suffered a defeat against the consular Tiberius Sempronius Longus at Grumentum, as a result of which he had to retreat to Bruttium. There he took up those military reinforcements brought by Bomilkar, which Carthage had sent him to support. With these he advanced to Hannibal's camp near Nola in order to increase his armed forces. But Hannibal tried in vain to bring Nola's dignitaries to apostasy from Rome. After this failure, Hanno went back to Bruttium, while Hannibal moved into winter quarters in Apulia . Here he won the two important cities of Lokroi and Croton .

214 BC Chr. Hanno was supposed to bring auxiliary troops to his general. For this purpose he advanced with his troops, consisting mainly of Italian soldiers - allegedly a total of 17,000 Bruttians and Lucanians and 2000 African horsemen - from Bruttium against Samnium . To prevent its union with Hannibal, the proconsul marched Tiberius Gracchus against him and brought him in at Benevento discharged battle a complete defeat at. Hanno is said to have escaped with only 2000 men. Soon afterwards he was able to partially wipe out this notch by cutting down some divisions of Gracchus' troops in Lucania.

213 BC BC Hanno defeated Tiberius Pomponius Veientanus and took him prisoner. Then he besieged the castle of Taranto . But because he received the order to stock up Capua , he moved to Benevento and had the grain from the previous year brought together. He wanted to supply Capua with these food supplies. In his absence, the camp was opened in 212 BC. BC by the consul Quintus Fulvius Flaccus and destroyed his army in a fierce battle . With only a few companions he got back to Bruttium. There he went against Thurioi together with Mago the Samnite . Hanno attacked the city with the infantry, while Mago and the cavalry lurked in an ambush. When the small Roman garrison made a sortie with the unreliable Thurians, they were defeated by the now intervening Mago. The Romans who remained in the city were allowed to leave, and Hanno and Mago took possession of Thurioi. Later on, Hanno was in command in Metapont . He received at the beginning of 207 BC The order to go from Metapont to Bruttium in order to carry out new recruiting there.

The career of Hannos described here is based on the annalistic tradition reporting from the Roman point of view , according to which the Carthaginian general would have suffered numerous defeats. But there could be several duplicates here. Since after 207 BC There are no further reports about Hannos work in Italy, he possibly went back to Carthage at that time. For the late phase of the Hannibal War, Appian mentions a Hanno, son of Bomilkar who was active in the North African theater of war, who after Scipio's night attack on Hasdrubal , Gisgon's son, and the West Numid king Syphax in 203 BC. Was elected commander in chief. He tried in vain to play Hasdrubal into the hands of the Romans, but successfully slandered him in Carthage. An attack on Scipio before Utica , which he carried out shortly afterwards at the same time as Hamilcar's fleet, failed. Later he no longer appears in the sources.

literature

Remarks

  1. ^ So Appian , Hannibalika 20.
  2. ↑ Polybios , Historien 3, 42, 6 - 43, 9; Titus Livius , Ab urbe condita 21, 27, 2 and 21, 28, 3; Zonaras , Epitome Historion 8, 23 (who incorrectly names Mago instead of Hannos); on this Serge Lancel, Hannibal , German translation 1998, ISBN 3-538-07068-7 , p. 120 f.
  3. ↑ Polybios, Historien 3, 114, 7; Appian, Hannibalika 20 (according to whom Hanno was in command on the left wing); Livy, Ab urbe condita 22, 46, 7 (who incorrectly names Maharbal instead of Hanno).
  4. ↑ Appian, Hannibalika 29; According to Livy ( Ab urbe condita 23, 30, 1), Himilkon was in command of the siege of Poetelia; Polybius ( Histories 7, 1, 3) does not mention a name.
  5. ↑ Livy, Ab urbe condita 23, 37, 10–12; however, according to Friedrich Münzer (Sempronius 66, in: RE II A, 2, col. 1433) this message comes from an unreliable annalist and is therefore doubtful.
  6. ↑ Livy, Ab urbe condita 23, 41, 10-12
  7. ^ Livy, Ab urbe condita 23, 43, 6-44, 2.
  8. ↑ Livy, Ab urbe condita 24, 1-2.
  9. ↑ Livius, Ab urbe condita 24, 14, 1-16, 9 (heavily decorated); Zonaras, Epitome historion 9 4.
  10. ^ Livy, Ab urbe condita 24, 19, 4 and 24, 20, 1 f.
  11. ^ Livy, Ab urbe condita 25, 1-3.
  12. ^ Appian, Hannibalika 33.
  13. ↑ Livius, Ab urbe condita 25, 13, 1-15.3 (heavily decorated); Appian, Hannibalika 37.
  14. ↑ Livy, Ab urbe condita 25, 15; Appian, Hannibalika 34.
  15. ^ Livy, Ab urbe condita 27, 42.
  16. ↑ Thomas Lenschau: Hanno 16 . In: Paulys Realencyclopadie der classischen Antiquity Science (RE). Volume VII, 2, Stuttgart 1912, Sp. 2357-2538 (here: 2538).
  17. ↑ Appian, Libyka 24.
  18. ↑ Appian, Libyka 29 f.
  19. ↑ Appian, Libyka 30th
personal data
SURNAME Hanno
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Carthaginian general
DATE OF BIRTH 3rd century BC Chr.
DATE OF DEATH after 203 BC Chr.