Hans Schickhardt

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Hans Schickhardt (actually Johannes Schickhardt , * 1512 in Herrenberg ; † October 17, 1585 in Tübingen ) was a Württemberg painter who settled in Tübingen after his long stay in Stuttgart , but continued to work for Duke Ulrich von Württemberg . He was the father of the painter Apelles Schickhardt and an uncle of the famous builder Heinrich Schickhardt .

Life

The early years

Hans Schickhardt came from a large Herrenberg family of cabinet makers and carvers . He was the fourth son of Heinrich Schickhardt the Elder and his wife Margreta. Most likely he received his training as a painter from Heinrich Füllmaurer . The oldest document that Hans Schickhardt mentions dates from the beginning of 1536: as Hans Gerngroß's journeyman , he and other painters were paid for work that was not mentioned in Balingen .

From the same year he lived in Stuttgart, where Gerngroß became court painter, as his journeyman. In Stuttgart he was busy with murals at court, which were created in connection with the construction work that Duke Ulrich ordered after his return from exile. These were larger measures that Hans Gerngroß directed. In 1536 Heinrich Füllmaurer, Albert Mayer, Marx Weiß and Erasmus Wenig were also involved. A year later, Schickhardt worked on the painting of the ducal room together with Hans Gerngroß and Hans Abel.

A topographical survey of the Engenstaller valley and Dürrenmettstetten [near Sulz am Neckar] (together with Jörg Ziegler ) dates from the same time - 1537 . This artistically irrelevant work is one of two surviving works that are certainly by Hans Schickhardt.

Tübingen

Schickhardt lived in Tübingen from 1547, where he received many painting assignments. Only manual work is documented, such as B. the painting of clock hands. In 1550 Schickhardt acquired the city's citizenship . However, he continued to maintain relationships with Duke Ulrich. In 1552/53 he painted 332 little men on his behalf, who represented the drafts of winter clothing for court employees - the court hierarchy had to be reflected in the clothing - and in 1556/57 70 little men in summer clothing were added. In 1556/57 he also received several craft orders from the city of Herrenberg: to paint several clock panels and hands and to paint the princely coat of arms. In 1559/60 he was supposed to decorate and gild the upper part of the town hall door that his brother Lucas built. In 1558 he was commissioned to paint the letters "on the most delicate" on the epitaph of the young Duke Maximilian († March 17, 1557, son of Duke Christoph ).

In 1564, on behalf of the Senate of the University of Tübingen, he created a memorial plaque for the university's chancellor, Jakob Beurlin, who died on a trip to Paris . This was an absolute exception, because until then, memorial marks were exclusively the responsibility of the families of the deceased.

From 1567 until his death Schickhardt was in the service of the duke, ie he was obliged to “be present” when he asked him to come. For this he received an annual salary of 20 fl . Since 1569 at the latest, Schickhardt lived in his own house in the lower area of ​​the Burgstaig .

Schickhardt often appears in the documents with the master builder Aberlin Tretsch as authoritative in evaluations and in the case of commissions (determining remuneration and awarding contracts), so he must have been a respected artist, even if only the painting of clock panels and doors of his own work , the painting of model figures for court clothing, as well as the setting (ie painting) of several grave monuments (including Count Ludwig , Duke Ulrich , Duchess Sabine [together with Hans Gerngroß]) in Tübingen are documented. Although the versions have completely disappeared in the meantime, it is known that they all showed great reluctance on the part of the painter. Schickhardt was aware that it was his job to better bring out the sculptor's work.

Hans Schickhardt was also active as a miniature and coat of arms painter. In the oldest Tübingen family record , that of Johann Friedrich Welser, there is not only his entry with his coat of arms and an unskilful allegory of hope from 1570. Most of the mostly somewhat clumsy coat of arms drawings and allegorical representations in it could come from Schickhardt.

Jakob Degen , oldest painting in the Tübingen Professorengalerie , 1578, probably by Hans Schickhardt

Due to the fact that at that time, apart from Schickhardt, only Jacob Züberlin and Philipp Renlin were active as painters in Tübingen, but their pictures show a different character, the oldest portrait in the Tübingen Professorengalerie , the portrait of Jacob Schegk from 1578 , is ascribed to him. Since no comparable works by Schickhardt (apart from the memorial plaque for Jacob Beurlin, which must only be partially taken into account) are known and such works are not mentioned in a document, this attribution cannot be confirmed.

Even after that there is evidence of his handicraft activity: in 1582/83 he had to “paint and paint” a number of deer heads for the Waldenbuch castle .

Hans Schickhardt was first married to Margreta Mayenküchlerin († October 10, 1571) from a Herrenberg family . With her he had seven sons and four daughters, all of whom died young. After the death of his first wife, Schickhardt married Ursula Laubin in 1572. In this marriage he had four daughters and a son named Apelles. Three of the daughters married clergymen, which shows the family's high standing. Schickhardt's high reputation is perhaps even more convincing evidence of the fact that he was buried in the collegiate church.

Notes and individual references

  1. ^ H. Schmid-Schickhardt: The Siegener Family ... , p. 60
  2. ↑ General Artists Dictionary , Vol. 52 (2006), p. 216 (Hans Gerngroß)
  3. ↑ Hans Rott: Sources and Research ... , p. 284
  4. ↑ a b Werner Fleischhauer: Renaissance ... , p. 155
  5. ↑ Ruthardt Oehme: The history of cartography of the German Southwest , Konstanz 1961, p. 105
  6. ↑ Until recently it was considered the only work.
  7. ↑ Werner Fleischhauer: Renaissance ... , p. 106
  8. ↑ Hans Rott: Sources and Research ... , p. 220
  9. ↑ a b Werner Fleischhauer: Renaissance ... , p. 186
  10. ↑ Stefanie Knöll: Geistesadel… , p. 79/80 refers to an invoice that proves Schickhardt's authorship: University Archives Tübingen: Supremus deputatus invoices 1564, 6/8, fol. 117v
  11. ↑ Hans Rott: Sources and Research ... , p. 252/3
  12. ↑ Hans Rott: Sources and Research ... , p. 253
  13. ↑ Werner Fleischhauer: The beginnings ... , p. 205
  14. ^ Albert Westermayer; Emil Wagner; Theodor: Demmler: The grave monuments of the collegiate church ... , p. 361
  15. ^ Catalog of the exhibition Fugger and Welser , Augsburg 1950, cat. 381
  16. ↑ Werner Fleischhauer: Renaissance ... , p. 184
  17. ↑ Werner Fleischhauer: The beginnings ... , p. 214
  18. ↑ Werner Fleischhauer: Renaissance ... , p. 87
  19. ↑ The number of children from the second marriage is given after the epitaph in the collegiate church. Other sources give slightly higher numbers.
  20. ^ Albert Westermayer; Emil Wagner; Theodor: Demmler: The grave monuments of the collegiate church ... , p. 279

See also

literature

  • Horst Schmid-Schickhardt : The Siegener Schickhardt family in the 15th to 17th centuries. Attempt of a partial genealogy , Baden-Baden: Schmid-Schickhardt 2008
  • Stefanie Knöll: nobility of mind. Grave monuments for professors in Oxford, Leiden and Tübingen in the 17th century . In: Mark Hengerer (ed.): Power and Memoria. Burial culture of European upper classes in the early modern period , Cologne, Weimar: Böhlau 2005, pp. 71–90
  • Werner Fleischhauer : Renaissance in the Duchy of Württemberg , Stuttgart: Kohlhammer 1971
  • Werner Fleischhauer: The beginnings of the Tübingen university portrait collection - a contribution to the history of painting of the late Renaissance in the Duchy of Württemberg . In: Werner Fleischhauer u. a .: New contributions to the history of the south-west of Germany. Festschrift for Max Miller , Stuttgart: Kohlhammer 1962, pp. 197–216
  • Hans Rott : Sources and research on southwest German and Swiss art history in the XV. and XVI. Century. II, Old Swabia and Imperial Cities , Stuttgart: Strecker and Schröder 1934
  • Albert Westermayer; Emil Wagner; Theodor Demmler: The grave monuments of the collegiate church of St. Georgen in Tübingen , Tübingen: Weil 1912, p. 360f and 279


personal data
SURNAME Schickhardt, Hans
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Schickhardt, Johannes; Schickhard, Hans; Schikart, Hans
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Württemberg painter
DATE OF BIRTH 1512
PLACE OF BIRTH Herrenberg
DATE OF DEATH October 17, 1585
Place of death Tübingen