Hardanger fiddle
The Hardanger Fiddle ( norweg. Hardingfele ) is a box-neck lute similar to the violin , which is mainly used in folk music in southern Norway . The instrument is named after the Hardanger region .
The fiddle has a flat top and, in addition to the four playing strings that are bowed, has other sympathetic strings made of steel or brass, which, like the viola d'amore, run under the fingerboard and are passed through separate openings in the bridge . The tuning varies, often one encounters instruments that are tuned to b - e ′ - h ′ - f sharp ″; However, the normal violin tuning is also widespread, or in this case the tuning of the G string to d. Characteristic is the flat, low bridge, which allows up to three strings to be played at the same time. Modern instruments are z. Sometimes also built with five playing strings (e, h, e ′, h ′, f sharp ″).
The oldest surviving Hardanger fiddle, which was smaller than today's instruments, dates from 1651 and was made by the liege lord Ole Jonsen Jaastad (1621–1694) from Ullensvang . In the Hardanger Folk Museum Utne there is an instrument from 1764. In the 18th century the Hardanger fiddle was popularized by the fiddle maker Isak Nielsen Botnen (1669–1759) and his son Trond Isaksen Flatebø (1713–1772).
Although primarily an instrument of folk music, the Hardanger fiddle was occasionally used in classical concert music. Particularly noteworthy are the two concerts for Hardanger fiddle and orchestra by the Norwegian composer Geirr Tveitt .
Edvard Grieg used for his compositions, the folk music repertoire of the Hardanger fiddle and the drone zither Langeleik , the piano piece based Norwegian Peasant Dances ( Slåtter ) on transcriptions of pieces Knut Dahles (1834-1921), a famous Hardanger player. The main theme of Grieg's famous piano concerto is also said to have its roots in a version of the Fanitullen melody.
A Hardangerfiedel player known to this day was Torgeir Augundsson (1801–1872). With Karl Seglem there is a composer and musician who uses this instrument in a jazz and world music context. Benedicte Maurseth is another artist.
In the score for the film adaptation of Lord of the Rings , the composer Howard Shore wrote the Rohan theme for Hardanger fiddle.
The Landskappleik music festival takes place in Norway every year , and the Hardanger fiddle is used regularly.
The municipality of Granvin in the Hardanger region has the instrument in its coat of arms.
literature
- Simon Broughton, Mark Ellingham, Richard Trillo, Orla Duane, Vanessa Dowell: World Music: The Rough Guide . Rough Guides, 1999, ISBN 1-85828-635-2
- Walter Niemann : The music of Scandinavia. Breitkopf & Härtel, Leipzig 1906; New edition BiblioBazaar, 2009
Web links
- Hardanger Fiddle Association of America , with some sound samples.
- The Norwegian Collection of Folk Music The Fiddle Volumes: Slåtter for hardingfele (University of Oslo, Department of Musicology)
- Bjørn Aksdal: The Norwegian Hardanger Fiddle in Classical Music. In: Folklore Studies XXXII. The Institute of Lithuanian Literature and Folklore, Vilnius 2006, pp. 15–25 (PDF file; 4.56 MB)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Bjørn Aksdal, 2006, p. 15.
- ^ J. Kenneth Moore, Jayson Kerr Dobney, E. Bradley Strachen-Scherer: Musical Instruments - Highlights of The Metropolitan Museum of Art . 2015, ISBN 1588395626 , p. 94.