Capital of movement

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Capital of the movement is a Nazi propaganda term for the city of Munich , which in the 1920s had developed into the center for the rise of the Nazi movement of Adolf Hitler . According to Victor Klemperer, “ movement ” is so much the “essence of Nazism ” that the movement even became its self-designation.

background

Since the end of the First World War , fear of the Bolshevik overthrow has been rampant among the bourgeoisie . Even in the theater community in Munich there was often talk of war and the struggle “against all anti-German, anti-Christian, old, inherited cultural values ​​contaminating endeavors”. Many of the artists and writers who had shaped the life of the Schwabing bohemians in the pre-war period left Munich, often heading for Berlin, where it was more liberal and revealing. The Munich resident Thomas Mann had recognized how much his place of residence had developed into a real stronghold compared to the pre-war period . In a speech he gave at a DDP event in November 1926 , he said:

“ We were ashamed of the unruly pessimism that Munich opposed to the political insight of Berlin, the political yearning of a whole world; we have sorrowfully seen his healthy and serene blood poisoned by anti-Semitic nationalism, and God knows what sinister follies. We had to experience that Munich was decried in Germany and beyond as a haven of reaction, the seat of all obstinacy and unruliness against the will of the time, we had to hear that it was called a stupid city. "

In a speech in the spring of 1934, Adolf Hitler described Munich as “the capital of art and our movement”, a term that coined the Bavarian capital as a Nazi honorary title during the Nazi regime since 1935.

Hitler had lived in Munich since 1919, where the NSDAP was founded. With his raiding party Adolf Hitler , as the nucleus of the SS , he undertook his failed attempt at overthrow, known as the Hitler putsch . In the subsequent Munich criminal trial he was sentenced to extremely mild imprisonment in Landsberg , where he was able to write his book Mein Kampf , published in 1925 .

In 1933 the systematically organized National Socialist terror began with the establishment of the Dachau concentration camp near Munich. In 1934, a representative NSDAP party district with u. Was built in the vicinity of the NSDAP party headquarters Braunes Haus on Königsplatz , which Hitler also called "royal place" . a. Administrative buildings and temples of honor for the martyrs of the movement . For Munich "honorary title" the one with the most fit 18 July 1937 Great German Art Exhibition opened Haus der Kunst . At the same time, the “ Degenerate Art ” propaganda exhibition, stylized as a terrifying example, took place in the Hofgarten arcades. Munich was also one of the five so-called Führer cities (Munich, Hamburg, Nuremberg, Linz and Berlin) for which Hitler had gigantic reconstruction plans drawn up. Other cities in the Nazi sphere of influence also received National Socialist honorary degrees .

Nazi Documentation Center

The Brown House was destroyed in the war and its remains demolished. Since April 30, 2015, 70 years after the liberation of Munich and more than 90 years after the founding of the NSDAP in the capital of the movement , the NS Documentation Center has existed in its place .

literature

  • Münchner Stadtmuseum : Munich - "Capital of Movement". Ed. Minerva, Wolfratshausen 2002, ISBN 3-932353-63-3 .
  • Maik Kopleck: PastFinder Munich 1933–1945. City guide to the traces of the past . 2., updated Edition. Christoph Links Verlag, Berlin 2006, ISBN 3-86153-354-5 .
  • Architecture Museum Munich; Winfried Nerdinger (ed.): Place and memory. National Socialism in Munich. Salzburg / Munich 2006, ISBN 3-7025-0528-8 .
  • Mathias Rösch: The Munich NSDAP 1925–1933: An investigation into the internal structure of the NSDAP in the Weimar Republic . Oldenbourg Verlag, 2002, ISBN 3-486-56670-9 .
  • Margit Szöllösi-Janze (Hrsg.): Image policy of the “Capital of the Movement.” Series: Munich under National Socialism. Volume 4. Wallsteinverlag, Göttingen, 2017, 284 pages. ISBN 978-3-8353-3090-0 .

Web links

swell

  1. ^ Victor Klemperer: LTI - Notebook of a Philologist (=  Reclams Universal Library . Volume 278 ). 7th edition. Philipp Reclam junior, Leipzig 1975, p. 239 .
  2. ^ Wolfgang Görl: Free tickets and ethnic ideas on süddeutsche.de from January 3, 2019
  3. ^ Heinrich August Winkler : History of the West. The time of the world wars 1914-1945 . 3rd edition 2016, CH Beck, Munich 2011, p. 329 f. ISBN 978 3 406 59236 2
  4. ↑ In newspapers of August 2, 1935, it was reported that Hitler had given the city this title. The Chronicle of Bavaria. 3. Edition. Chronik Verlag, 1994, p. 488.