Limburg (noble family)
The House of Limburg (also Isenburg-Limburg ) was a noble family ruling Limburg an der Lahn for about 150 years in the 13th and 14th centuries , a side line of the family of the Counts of Isenburg . Limburg Castle was the seat of the Lords of Limburg . Most of the current building stock was built by them. The family's grave site was the Franciscan monastery in Limburg, which they founded in 1232, which is now the town church . Several canons in Cologne and Trier also came from the House of Limburg. In addition to the Isenburg family, there were also family ties to the Nassau and Westerburg houses .
history
The Limburg house was created when Gerlach I and Heinrich II. Von Isenburg were divided on May 22nd, 1258. Gerlach, who had called himself Lord of Limburg since 1247 , became the sole property of the city of Limburg. The lordship of Limburg fell to the Isenburg family between 1219 and 1221, as heir of the Leiningen family , which had died out in the male line .
Lords of the rule Limburg were the Landgrave of Hesse , the Archbishop of Mainz and the Holy Roman Empire , with one third. The core of the rule were the city of Limburg and the bailiwick over the Limburg St. Georgs-Stift . Furthermore, the rule included the villages Neesbach , Elz , Oberbruch , Werschau , the Zente Werode and the rule Cleeberg with the places Cleeberg, Brandoberndorf , Oberkleen and Ebergöns as well as shares in Schaumburg . The Cleeberg rule and the share in the Schaumburg were lost through use as a dowry .
Relations between the Lords of Limburg and the city's citizens were strained. In 1279 the citizens of Limburg drove Gerlach I out of the city. Only after negotiations could he return to his castle, but had to grant the citizens wide-ranging freedoms.
In 1288 Gerlach I took part in the Battle of Worringen together with Nassau and Westerburg on the side of Archbishop of Cologne Siegfried von Westerburg .
The dynasts of the House of Limburg worked for the German kings. In particular, John I of Limburg worked for his brother-in-law, King Adolf von Nassau , who was married to Johann's sister Imagina von Limburg between 1292 and 1298 . Despite his participation in the Battle of Göllheim on the side of King Adolf, he was able to gain the favor of King Albrecht of Austria .
Under Gerlach II , the city of Limburg reached its highest medieval heyday. The chronicler Tilemann Elhen von Wolfhagen writes in his Limburg Chronicle before 1402 that the city was able to muster over 2,000 citizens who were capable of weapons before the plague. Gerlach had the stone Lahn bridge built and created suburbs in front of the Diezer Tor , the Frankfurter Tor and in the bridge suburbs . With the city fire in 1342 and the first wave of plague in 1349, however, the economic decline began. The rule was gradually pledged to the Archbishops of Trier from 1344 onwards.
Gerlach III died in 1365. without male heirs to the plague . With the approval of Pope Urban V , his brother Johann was allowed to resign from the office of Provost of Trier and take over the rule of Limburg as Johann II. With the death of John II in 1406, the last male representative of the House of Limburg died. The Archdiocese of Trier finally managed to take over the city and rule.
Dynasts
- Gerlach I. * 1227; Regent from 1258, † January 1289
- Johann I. The Blind Lord , regent from 1289, † September 29, 1312
- Gerlach II the Elder , regent from 1312, † April 14, 1355
- Gerlach III. the younger , regent from 1355, † 1365
- Johann II, regent from 1365, † 1406
Differentiation from sexes of the same name
The family of the Lords of Limburg from Limburg an der Lahn should not be confused with the Counts and later Dukes of Limburg from Limburg an der Maas , after whom the present-day provinces of Limburg in Belgium and Limburg in the Netherlands are named. Furthermore, a branch of the Counts of Berg-Altena , the Westphalian Counts of Limburg auf Hohenlimburg (and the branches Limburg-Stirum and Limburg-Broich ), named after the dukes . There were no family ties to the Dutch ducal house or the Westphalian count house.
swell
literature
- Tilemann Elhen von Wolfhagen: A well-described chronicle of the city and the gentlemen of Limpurg on the Lahn . Ed .: Peter Jentzmik. 2nd Edition. Glaukos Verlag, Limburg 2003, ISBN 3-930428-19-9 (Unchanged reprint of the baroque edition from 1720 by Verlag Winckler, Wetzlar).
- G. Ulrich Großmann: Limburg an der Lahn, guide through the city and its history . 5th edition. Trautvetter & Fischer, Marburg 2000, ISBN 3-87822-114-2 .
- Franz-Karl Nieder: The Limburg dynasts and the German kings 1292 to 1356 . In: Nassau Annals . tape 117 . Publishing house of the Association for Nassau Antiquities and Historical Research , 2006, ISSN 0077-2887 .