Hayreddin Pasha
Hayreddin Pasha ( Tunisian Arabic خير الدين باشا التونسي Chayr ed-Din Pascha et-Tunsi , Ottoman خير الدين پاشا Ḫayraddīn Paša , İA Ḫayreddīn Paşa , in Turkish also Tunuslu Hayreddin Paşa ; * 1822 or 1823 in the Caucasus ; † January 30, 1890 in Istanbul ) was a Tunisian and Ottoman statesman of the 19th century.
Life
Hayreddin Pascha, the son of Abkhaz parents, was sold into slavery as a boy and came into the possession of a Tunisian high official who gave him an excellent education and then gave him freedom.
He then joined the Tunisian army and became adjutant to Achmed Bey , whom he accompanied to Paris in 1846. 1852–1855 he represented the interests of the Beis of Tunis at the court of Napoléon III. in Paris, where he learned the French language and European culture. He soon became Minister of the Navy, then President of the Tunis High Council, was President of the International Commission in 1872, which was supposed to regulate the financial situation of Tunis, and in 1873 first Minister.
After he had closely linked Tunis again with the Ottoman Empire through the Ferman of October 23 in 1871 and placed it under the suzerainty of the Sultan, he began reforming domestic policy, both the administration and the judiciary, their principles and their feasibility in one written work in French ( Réformes nécessaires aux États musulmans , translated under his direction, Paris, 1868).
But he split over it with the bey and applied for his release on July 20, 1877. After a short stay in France, he was summoned by the Sultan to Istanbul in 1878 to help with the intended reform of the Ottoman state, especially the financial system, with advice and action. On December 4, 1878, the Sultan appointed him Grand Vizier for this purpose; to make but all efforts Hayreddins to regulate by order and economy finance the arbitrary inertia and corruption one end and to produce an ordered administrative and judicial failed due to the corruption of the high red tape, the resistor Osman Pasha , the almighty Minister of War and the Weakness of the sultan.
When the latter rejected a newly worked out reform plan by Hayreddins in July 1879, he again asked for his dismissal and was appointed a member of the Senate.
Works
- About freedom in the states of Europe and its advantages for the development of the nation. In: Andreas Meier (Ed.): The political mission of Islam. Programs and Criticism between Fundamentalism and Reforms. Original voices from the Islamic world. Peter Hammer Verlag, Wuppertal 1994, ISBN 3-87294-616-1 , pp. 65-71.
literature
- GS van Krieken: Khayr al-Din et la Tunisie (1850-1881). Dissertation. Brill, Leiden 1976, ISBN 90-04-04568-6 (French).
- Atilla Çetin: Hayreddin Paşa, Tunuslu . In: Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi , Volume 17, 1998, pp. 57-60 (Turkish).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b G. S. van Krieken Kh ayr al-Dīn Pa sh a . In: The Encyclopaedia of Islam . New Edition
| predecessor | Office | successor |
|---|---|---|
| Mehmed Esad Saffet Pasha |
Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire in October 1878-28. July 1879 |
Ahmed Arifi Pasha |
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Hayreddin Pasha |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | At-Tūnisī, Ḫair-Ad-Dīn (German National Library); Tūnisī, Ḫair-Ad-Dīn At-Khérédine (German National Library); at-Tūnisī, Ḫairaddīn (scientific transcription) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Ottoman and Tunisian statesman |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 1822 or 1823 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Caucasia |
| DATE OF DEATH | January 30, 1890 |
| Place of death | Istanbul |