Osman Nuri Pasha

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Osman Pasha

Osman Nuri Pasha ( Turk . Osman Nuri Pasha * 1832 in Tokat , Asia Minor , † 5. April 1900 in Istanbul ) was a general in the Ottoman army in the Russo-Turkish War (1877-1878) .

Life

Osman Nuri Pasha began his military career in 1854 as a second lieutenant in the cavalry , distinguished himself in the Crimean War , was involved in the battle near Evpatoria , in 1860 in the suppression of the Druze uprising and in 1867 in the suppression of the Cretan uprising. He then commanded the Caucasus in the wake of Omar Pasha on the Abkhazian coast. He was then transferred to the General Staff as a lieutenant colonel and as "Bey" . In 1871 he was promoted to colonel and took part in the campaign in Yemen under Redif Pasha . Nuri Pascha was appointed Brigade General (Liwa) and 1876 Division General ("Ferik") as well as Pasha .

In 1876, during the war against Serbia, he received the supreme command of the Vidin Corps , with which he defeated the Serbs on July 18 and August 7 at Veliki-Iswor and Saitschar . He was appointed Marshal ("Muschir") in November and stood in Vidin in 1877 when the war with Russia broke out with 35,000 men ( Russo-Ottoman War (1877-1878) ).

At the beginning of July, when the Russians were advancing as far as the Balkan Mountains , he threw himself with this army , suddenly in their left flank, occupied Pleven , and on July 20 repulsed the attacks of the Russian armed forces under the orders of General Yuri Ivanovich Schilder-Schuldner . After taking Lovech on July 27 , he also victoriously repulsed the intensified attack by Russian generals Baron Nikolai Pawlowitsch Krüdener and Prince Alexei Ivanovich Schachowskoi on July 30 .

Thereupon he rebuilt his position at Pleven into a strong fortress by means of well laid out and executed earth fortifications, increased his army to 60,000 men and thus forced the Russians to stop their further advance towards Thrace, to bring in significant reinforcements and to assemble their main force against Pleven was the focus of the whole warfare for several months.

On September 3, Lovech was lost to the Russians; but the main attack undertaken with the main Russian forces on September 11th at the Battle of Pleven , after several days of bombardment, brought only a few entrenchments into the hands of the Russians and Romanians. Osman Pascha snatched them away on September 12th with an energetic counter-attack, except for the Griwiza-Schanze.

of captured Osman Pasha Alexander II. presents

An attack by the Romanians on October 19 was also bloodily rejected. Osman was now a celebrated hero of the Turkish army; The Sultan therefore gave him the title “Ghazi” (the victorious), and from then on he was called in Turkish: Gazi Osman Pascha .

At the end of October the Russian and Romanian troops succeeded in its complete containment. Since no attempt at relief was made by the Turks and Osman Pascha and his troops ran out of food, he made a sortie on December 10th to open the way to Vidin . But he encountered strong resistance; Meanwhile the Russians, who had been informed of everything beforehand, occupied the works of Pleven, which had been abandoned by the Pasha, and so, wounded, he and his army had to surrender to mercy and disgrace. Treated by the Russians honor, Osman was to Kharkov brought from where it already in February 1878 after the armistice of Adrian Opel was released from captivity.

After his return to Istanbul, he was brilliantly received by the Turks and celebrated as the "Lion of Pleven". He was given supreme command of the army that had been assembled to occupy the capital and gained decisive influence over the Sultan. On December 4, 1878 he was appointed Minister of War (" Serasker ") and held his own in this position. He was also in the vicinity of the Sultan's palace marshal. In 1885 he resigned as Minister of War, allegedly because the Sultan was jealous of Osman Pasha's international popularity.

Ghazi Osman Nuri Pasha died on April 5, 1900 in Istanbul.

honors and awards

After his death, the Plevne Marşı was composed as a reminder of the valor of the Ottoman soldiers in the Battle of Pleven . After him u. a. the Istanbul district Gaziosmanpaşa and the " Gazi Osman Pascha Mosque " in Berlin-Neukölln .

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The Defense of Plevna, Captain Friedrich Wilhelm von Herbert, page 49
  2. ↑ Meyers gives 1837 as the year of birth and Amasya as the place of birth.
personal data
SURNAME Osman Nuri Pasha
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Gazi Osman Nuri Pascha, Osman Nuri Paşa (Turkish)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Turkish general
DATE OF BIRTH 1832
PLACE OF BIRTH Tokat , Asia Minor
DATE OF DEATH April 5, 1900
Place of death Istanbul