Ivy (genus)

ivy
	Ivy ( Hedera helix ), illustration
Systematics
	Asterids
	Euasterids II
Order :	Umbelliferae (Apiales)
Family :	Araliaceae (Araliaceae)
Subfamily :	Aralioideae
Genre :	ivy
Scientific name
	Hedera
	L.

Ivy ( Hedera ), older and ivy is a plant genus in the family of the Araliaceae (Araliaceae). By far the best-known species in Central Europe is the common ivy ( Hedera helix ).

description

Vegetative characteristics

The ivy species are evergreen climbing plants or ground cover.

The alternate leaves are arranged in a petiole and a leaf blade. Ivy species have very differently shaped leaf blades . Stipules are present or absent.

The heterophylly is particularly noticeable in all ivy species : the shape (and size) of the leaves and also the habitus are different in youth and age forms. The different leaf and growth forms are preserved with vegetative propagation via cuttings. This resulted in around 400 varieties, especially at Hedera helix , which differ particularly in their leaf colors and shapes.

Generative characteristics

The racemose inflorescences are composed of golden partial inflorescences . The radial symmetry flowers are five-fold. There is a discus. There is only one circle with five fertile stamens . The five carpels have become an under constant ovary grown. Round fruits are formed. The seeds are egg-shaped.

ingredients

All parts of the plant are poisonous due to their saponin content (especially hederin ). Ingesting large amounts leads to diarrhea and cramps in children. Fatal poisonings are known. However, due to the bitter taste of the hard fruits, the necessary quantity of plants is only rarely consumed.

Systematics and distribution

The genus Hedera was 1753 by Linnaeus in Species Plantarum , vol 1, page 202, first published . Synonyms for Hedera are Psedera Neck. and Helix Mitch.

The Hedera species are originally distributed from the Macaronesian islands across Europe and the Mediterranean area to temperate Asia . Naturalizations are available in New Zealand and the Juan Fernández Islands .

Hedera canariensis

Hedera colchica

Ivy leaf on tree trunk

Hedera rhombea

There are seven to ten (up to 17) types of ivy ( Hedera ), with the common ivy ( Hedera helix ) being by far the most common type in Europe . Here is a list of species:

Hedera algeriensis Hibberd , from north-western Africa , from northern Algeria to Tunisia.
Hedera azorica Carrière : This endemic occurs only in the Azores .
Hedera canariensis Willd. : It occurs only in the Canary Islands .
Hedera caucasigena Pojark. : It was first described in 1950 and occurs from Turkey to the Caucasus and to Israel.
Caucasian ivy ( Hedera colchica (K.Koch) K.Koch ): It is found between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea and in the Caucasus .
Hedera cypria McAll. : This endemic was first described in 1993 and occurs only in the Troodos Mountains in Cyprus .
Hedera helix L. ( common ivy or common ivy): It is widespread from Europe to Turkey.
Hedera hibernica (G.Kirchn.) Kny : It occurs on the Atlantic coasts from Western Europe to Spain.
Hedera iberica (McAll.) Ackerf. & J.Wen : It has had the rank of a species since 2002 and occurs in Portugal, southern Spain and northern Morocco.
Hedera maderensis K. Koch ex A. Rutherf. : This endemic was first describedfrom Madeira in 1993.
Hedera maroccana McAll. : It was first described in 1993 and occurs in Algeria and Morocco.
Hedera nepalensis K.Koch : It is distributed throughout the Himalayas , China, Taiwan, Afghanistan and Thailand.
Hedera pastuchovii Voronow : It was first described in 1932 and only occurs in very small areas in the West Caucasus , Iraq and Iran .
Hedera rhizomatifera (McAll.) Jury : It has had the status of a species since 2004 and only occurs in southern Portugal and southern Spain .
Hedera rhombea (Miquel) Bean : It occurs in Japan with the Riukiu Islands and in Korea and Taiwan .
Hedera sinensis (Tobler) Hand.-Mazz. : It occurs from China to Laos and Vietnam .
Hedera taurica (Hibberd) Carrière : This endemic occurs only in the Crimea .

The division of Hedera canariensis Willd. in four species: Hedera canariensis Willd. , Hedera algeriensis Hibberd , Hedera azorica Carrière and Hedera maderensis K.Koch ex A.Rutherf. is controversial.

literature

Qibai Xiang, Porter P. Lowry: Araliaceae . In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Clusiaceae through Araliaceae (= Flora of China ). tape 13 . Science Press et al. a., Beijing et al. a., ISBN 978-1-930723-80-1 , Hedera L., p. 441 ( online - same text as printed work).

Individual evidence

↑ Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum . tape 1 . Stockholm 1753, p. 202 ( First online publication by Hedera scanned at Biodiversity Heritage Library ).
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Hedera. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved April 29, 2018.

Web links

Commons : Ivy ( Hedera ) - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Murgrona. Hedera helix . In: The virtuella floran. Naturhistorika riksmuseet, Stockholm, accessed March 5, 2012 (Swedish). forwarded to: Eric Hultén, Magnus Fries:Atlas of North European vascular plants. Koeltz, Königstein 1986,ISBN 3-87429-263-0(online distribution by Hederich helix see left).
MJ Henwood, RO Makinson: Genus Hedera. In: New South Wales Flora Online. PlantNet - The Plant Information Network System of The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, accessed March 5, 2012 .
German ivy society V. Accessed July 21, 2012 . Descriptions of many hundreds of varieties, articles on collections

[SpPla-1] Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum . tape 1 . Stockholm 1753, p. 202 ( First online publication by Hedera scanned at Biodiversity Heritage Library ).

[WCSP-2] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Hedera. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved April 29, 2018.