Heiliggeisthaus (Cologne)
The Heiliggeisthaus (also "Hospital Geisthaus") was a hospital and hostel for the poor in medieval Cologne and was located at the cathedral courtyard next to the Hacht on today's cathedral square .
Emergence
A - Metropolitana (cathedral choir)
G - St. Maria ad Gradus
g - St. Johann Evangelist
- Heiliggeisthaus 52 - Seminarium ( formerly:
Linneper Hof )
91 - Official court
92 - Hochgericht
93 - Blauer Stein
94 - Hacht
The Heiliggeisthaus (Latin “domus Spiritus sancto”) was called “Heilgen Geystzhuyss upme doymhoue” in medieval Kölsch and was therefore located in the cathedral courtyard, which was called “in curia Coloniensi” in Latin. It got its name from the Holy Spirit as "Father of the Poor". It is mentioned for the first time around 1056 and was probably subordinate to the cathedral monastery . The oldest institution of organized welfare for the poor is possibly identical to the hospital that Archbishop Anno II had built after 1056 and founded a Xenodochium in it. It was first mentioned in a shrine map from around 1170. The oldest known seal (between 1267 and 1281) of a social institute has come down to us from the hospital. From 1305 it functioned as a central alms distribution center that only gave alms to the poor. House arms were poor "who are supported in the home". On Arnold Mercator's Cologne city view from 1570 , the hospital on the south side of the cathedral in the western part of the cathedral courtyard ("Dohm Hoff") can be clearly seen.
Functions
The Heiliggeisthaus took on the task of caring for the poor in the city in the 12th century. This social institution was supported by a brotherhood, obviously the first with the Holy Spirit as patron, whose ecclesiastical connection cannot be overlooked. From 1310 this brotherhood lost its importance in contrast to the institution. The high number of donation recipients suggests that the Holy Spirit House had relatively large funds at its disposal. Houses and land were often purchased from the donated cash amounts in order to secure supplies with the pensions or to buy house and grain ducks. As early as 1254 it was said that many poor people (“poor lude”) and sick people came together there, especially since the house was responsible for the whole city. There were also donations through inheritances, because the baronial cathedral canons used to consider the Heiliggeisthaus in their wills. On May 4, 1308 the sons of the deceased Hermann, called Albus, gave the hospital two wooden houses under one roof (row houses) in the Große Spitzengasse. Between 1310 and 1350 alone there were 38 wills with detailed dispositions, of which 26 bequests to hospitals and 24 to the poor. Of these 24, twelve attended exclusively the Holy Spirit House. It had its own bakery and brewery and presented the most important institution of the urban poor relief for the poor and sick. In a document dated April 18, 1455 Johann are from Hirtz (Hirtze, Hyrtz), Martin Muench (Mönich) and Henken Hep as provisors mentioned . Between 1563 and 1588 the Heilig-Geist-Haus was the largest spiritual pensioner in the city of Cologne. As part of a foundation by Elisabeth von Krebs, the poor house came into the possession of the Schiffhof zu Höningen in 1614 .
Building description
On the east view, the entrance flanked by two high pointed arched windows can be seen with a pointed arched gate , which leads to an upper floor with three small round arched windows . The small gable roof is crowned by a cross over the chapel. In 1463 the chapel and hospital burned down and were rebuilt before 1478. The Hacht can be seen to the right of the hospital, the inn to the left. Behind the hospital was the house of the Holy Spirit caretaker. The location of the hospital in the western part of the Domhof ("Dom Hoff"), marked with a crescent moon ( ), can be seen on the Cologne city map from 1752 by Johann Valentin Reinhardt .
Fate of the house
During the secularization of the French period , the administration of the most important central office of the imperial urban poor system was transferred to the charity office of the poor house by resolution of the prefect on January 17, 1802, and its status was revoked on September 23, 1802. It was sold around 1840 and had to give way to the construction of the Dom Hotel (opening on November 28, 1857) before 1845 .
literature
- Friedrich F. Schäfer, The Hospital of St. Geist in the cathedral courtyard in Cologne , Cologne 1910.
Individual evidence
- ^ Hugo Stehkämper , Citizens and Churches in Cologne in the High Middle Ages , 2007, p. 151.
- ^ Eduard Meyer (as “Schünemann”), Reflexe, Treffen: Eduard Meyer zum 85th Birthday , 1973, p. 25.
- ^ Hugo Stehkämper, Citizens and Churches in Cologne in the High Middle Ages , 2007, p. 150.
- ^ Hugo Stehkämper, Citizens and Churches in Cologne in the High Middle Ages , 2007, p. 154.
- ↑ Friedrich-Arnold Lassotta / Franz Irsigler, Forms of Poverty in the Late Middle Ages and the Beginning of the Modern Era : Investigations primarily on Cologne sources from the 14th to 15th centuries , 1984, p. 246.
- ^ Jacob Grimm / Wilhelm Grimm , German Dictionary , Vol. 4, 1877, column 652.
- ↑ a b c Helga Johag, The Relationships between Clergy and Citizenship in Cologne between 1250 and 1350 , Volumes 103-104, 1977, p. 174.
- ↑ Helga Johag, The Relationships between Clergy and Citizenship in Cologne between 1250 and 1350 , Volumes 103-104, 1977, p. 173.
- ↑ Helga Johag, The Relationships between Clergy and Citizenship in Cologne between 1250 and 1350 , Volumes 103-104, 1977, p. 176.
- ↑ Andreas Speer / David Wirmer, 1308: A Topography of Historical Simultaneity , 2010, p. 471.
- ^ Marianne Gechter, Church and Clergy in the City of Cologne Economy in the Late Middle Ages , 1983, p. 197
- ^ Hiltrud Kier, Stadtspuren: Denkmäler in Köln , Volume 12, 1990, p. 36.
- ↑ Ulrike Dorn, Public Poor Care in Cologne from 1794-1871 , 1990, p. 75.
Coordinates: 50 ° 56 ′ 25.5 ″ N , 6 ° 57 ′ 25.5 ″ E