Heinrich Cramer

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Heinrich Cramer

Heinrich Cramer (born December 17, 1831 in Montabaur , † August 16, 1893 in Marburg ) was a German psychiatrist .

Live and act

Cramer was the son of a businessman and attended the Hadamar school and the Philippinum Weilburg grammar school , where he passed his school leaving examination in April 1851 . He then studied medicine in Munich , Würzburg and Prague between 1851 and 1856 . After approval in 1856, he worked as a volunteer doctor in the mental hospital Eichberg and from 1859 as a medical assistant in the Swiss Irrenheil- and nursing home St. Pirminsberg in St. Gallen. Here he clashed with his superior over the question of coercive measures in the treatment of the insane, which Cramer rejected as a supporter of the " no restraint ".

In 1861 Cramer was appointed director of the insane asylum Rosegg in Solothurn , which he reformed so fundamentally that he became one of the leading experts in questions of insane reform in Switzerland . In 1873 he took over the management of the Lindenburg insane asylum in Cologne , which he converted into a sanatorium and nursing home. In 1874 he became director of the new insane asylum in Marburg , which was the first pavilion-style public institution , and professor at the Philipps University in Marburg .

Cramer was a representative of institutional psychiatry who published comparatively little. He wrote a series of papers on organizational questions of the insane and on clinical problems, most of which appeared in the Allgemeine Zeitschrift für Psychiatrie .

His son is the psychiatrist August Cramer (Johann Baptist August Cramer; 1860-1912).

Publications

  • On the importance of insane asylums for the treatment of mental disorders. Lecture given at the general meeting of the Swiss Association. Naturalists and doctors on August 24, 1868. Swiss Society for Natural Sciences 1868.
  • The Gheel Colony and Its Significance in Practical Psychiatry. [Sn], [Sl] 1868.

literature

  • Franz Tuczek: Nekrolog Heinrich Cramer . In: Allg. Magazine f. Psychiatrie 50 (1894), p. 794.
  • Susanne Gutberlet: The prehistory of the Marburg University Psychiatry and Heinrich Cramer's appointment as director of psychiatry. , Marburg 1982.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ see Hessisches Staatsarchiv Marburg (HStAMR), Best. 915 No. 5675, p. 364 ( digitized version ).
personal data
SURNAME Cramer, Heinrich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Cramer, Heinrich Aloisius (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German institutional psychiatrist
DATE OF BIRTH December 17, 1831
PLACE OF BIRTH Montabaur
DATE OF DEATH August 16, 1893
Place of death Marburg