Heinrich Kielhorn

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Relief at the Kielhorn School in Braunschweig

Heinrich Kielhorn (born September 2, 1847 in Vallstedt , † December 1, 1934 in Braunschweig ) was a German pioneer of special education . In 1881 he founded an auxiliary class in Braunschweig for “children who, although not idiots and in need of institutional care, were so mentally inferior that they could not successfully take part in the lessons” (Kielhorn, 1878).

Life

Born on September 2, 1847 in Vallstedt (today part of the municipality of Vechelde in the Peine district ) near Braunschweig as the son of a farm laborer, Kielhorn grew up in poor circumstances. After breaking off an apprenticeship as a tailor, he first worked as a book carrier at the Daniel Grünberg book, art and music store and later as an office clerk in the ducal district administration. At the age of 22, he began training at the teachers' seminar in Wolfenbüttel at Easter 1873 . In the same year he took over the lessons of 15 hours per week at the Garrison School in Braunschweig. In 1875, at the age of 27, he entered the renowned Braunschweig orphanage school . In 1877 he passed his main examination. Kielhorn remained a teacher at the orphanage school until 1881. Then he took over the first auxiliary school in Braunschweig as headmaster, where he also taught.

Kielhorn also frequently gave lectures and from 1889 headed a committee for suggestions for improvement to the draft of the BGB and in 1900 a committee for the development of proposals for the criminal code and the code of criminal procedure.

Act

Kielhorn was a founder of special education in Germany. His criticism was of the style of teaching at the time, of memorizing and querying, as well as the overcrowding of classes and the low level of support for very poor students. He devoted himself to the upbringing of poorly able children, conducted specialist studies and worked in the school policy discussions in the sense of caring for the weakly gifted.

Honors

There are Heinrich Kielhorn schools in the following locations:

In 1894, Kielhorn was awarded the Braunschweig First Class Cross of Merit and in 1914 with the Order of Henry the Lion.

literature

  • S. Ellger-Rüttgardt: Heinrich Kielhorn and the development of the auxiliary school system in Germany. In: U. Bleidick (Ed.): Heinrich Kielhorn and the way of special schools. Waisenhaus-Buchdruckerei und Verlag, Braunschweig 1981, pp. 126-140, ISBN 3-87884-016-0 .
  • Fritz Adam, Heinrich Kielhorn: Heinrich Kielhorn. His life u. Working in the service d. Auxiliary school. (Based on Kielhorn's records and writings). Marhold, Halle 1931, DNB 574300783 .
  • Dagmar Hänsel, Hans-Joachim Schwager: The special school as a school for the poor. From common lessons to special education based on the Braunschweig model. Lang, Bern 2004, ISBN 3-03-910242-7 .

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Kielhorn, Heinrich
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German pioneer of special education
DATE OF BIRTH September 2, 1847
PLACE OF BIRTH Vallstedt near Braunschweig
DATE OF DEATH December 1, 1934
Place of death Braunschweig