Heinrich Schulte (psychiatrist)

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Heinrich Schulte (born July 2, 1898 in Berlin , † October 10, 1983 in Bremen ) was a German psychiatrist who has made great contributions to humane psychiatry .

Life

Schulte attended the Werner Siemens Realgymnasium in Schöneberg near Berlin . After graduating from high school in May 1915, Schulte took part in the First World War as a war volunteer . A serious wound ended the lieutenant and company commander's active service in November 1917. Schulte studied medicine at the Friedrich Wilhelms University in Berlin . He finished his studies in 1922 with the state examination and the dissertation on the obsessive-compulsive disorder of a young man who was born blind. Since then Schulte had been in contact with Max Wertheimer , the founder of the Berlin School of Gestalt Psychology . From 1922 to 1934 Schulte worked at the Berlin Charité , first with Friedrich Kraus and then with Karl Bonhoeffer , who had obtained his doctorate. Schulte was also able to do his habilitation at Bonhoeffer in 1933. Because he did not want to join the NSDAP there - as requested by him - he took over the management of the Waldhaus Evangelical Mental Hospital in Berlin-Nikolassee from 1934 . In 1938 the clinic briefly employed John Rittmeister as senior physician as well as other doctors and nurses, "who for political and racial reasons were not given employment in state institutions." In 1939 he became an adjunct professor. Kürschner's German Scholars Calendar 1940/41 led him as a judge at the Hereditary Health Court in Berlin. In the final phase of the Second World War , he followed Max de Crinis as a consulting psychiatrist in Military District III in 1944 .

After the Second World War , Schulte headed the municipal mental hospital in Bremen until his retirement in 1964. He was committed to the use of psychotherapy in psychiatric clinics , which was not a matter of course at the time. He could have been inspired to do this by the psychotherapist Arthur Kronfeld (1886–1941), who had taught at the Charité until 1933/35.

position

Schulte went into the history of psychology , in particular gestalt theory , gestalt psychology, gestalt theoretical psychotherapy and psychopathology ( psychiatry ) primarily through his work, Attempt at a Theory of Paranoid Self-Relationship and Delusion, published in 1924 . With regard to the psychopathology of madness, delusional feelings and ichthyism, the German psychiatrist Arthur Kronfeld writes : It was Schulte in particular who deepened this question in a thankful way. Schulte's work was created in close cooperation with Max Wertheimer. It is one of the first ever gestalt psychological works to be translated into English. Its topicality is also expressed in the fact that it is at the center of the international discussion, which is documented in an anthology published in 2002 with contributions on shape theory to psychotherapeutic pathology; Here you can find comments by Abraham S. Luchins , Erwin Levy and Paul Tholey, among others .

Awards

Publications

  • A case of "formal compulsion to think" in congenital anophthalmia . Dissertation, Berlin 1922
  • Attempted a theory of paranoid self-relation and delusion. In: Psychological Research, Vol. 5/1924, pp. 1–23
    • Reprinted in: Gerhard Stemberger (Ed.): Mental disorders in the I-world relationship. Gestalt theory and psychotherapeutic disease theory . Krammer, Vienna 2002, pp. 27–54, ISBN 3-901811-09-5

literature

  • Erwin Levy: A Gestalt Theory of Paranoia. Commentary on the translation of the Wertheimer-Schulte theses into English. In: Gerhard Stemberger (Ed.): Psychological disorders in the I-world relationship. Gestalt theory and psychotherapeutic disease theory . Krammer, Vienna 2002, pp. 81–90, ISBN 3-901811-09-5
  • Gerhard Stemberger: Comments and suggestions on the Schulte controversy . In: Gerhard Stemberger (Ed.): Psychological disorders in the I-world relationship. Gestalt theory and psychotherapeutic disease theory . Krammer, Vienna 2002, pp. 129–132, ISBN 3-901811-09-5
  • Daniel J. Luchins: Some informal comments from a biologically minded psychiatrist on Schulte's theory of paranoia . In: Gerhard Stemberger (Ed.): Psychological disorders in the I-world relationship. Gestalt theory and psychotherapeutic disease theory . Krammer, Vienna 2002, pp. 141-143, ISBN 3-901811-09-5

Remarks

  1. ↑ Gerda Engelbracht: Short biography of Prof. Dr. Heinrich Schulte (1898-1983). In: Gerhard Stemberger (Ed.): Mental disorders in the I-world relationship: Gestalt theory and psychotherapeutic disease theory . Krammer, Vienna 2002, p. 159.
  2. ↑ a b K.J.Neumärker Karl Bonhoeffer - the life and work of a German psychiatrist and neurologist in his time. Hirzel, Leipzig and Springer, Berlin 1990, p. 170 ff.
  3. ^ Ernst Klee: Das Personenlexikon zum Third Reich , Frankfurt am Main 2007, p. 565.
  4. ^ Arthur Kronfeld: Perspectives of the healing of the soul. Thieme, Leipzig 1930, p. 281.
  5. ^ Ellis, WD (ed.): A Source Book of Gestalt Psychology , Kegan Paul, London 1938, Harcourt Brace, New York 1939
  6. ↑ Gerhard Stemberger (Ed.): Psychological disorders in the I-world relationship. (Verlag Wolfgang Krammer, Vienna)
  7. ↑ Gerda Engelbracht: Short biography of Prof. Dr. Heinrich Schulte (1898-1983). In: Gerhard Stemberger (Ed.): Mental disorders in the I-world relationship: Gestalt theory and psychotherapeutic disease theory . Krammer, Vienna 2002, p. 161.
personal data
SURNAME Schulte, Heinrich
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German psychiatrist
DATE OF BIRTH July 2, 1898
PLACE OF BIRTH Berlin
DATE OF DEATH October 10, 1983
Place of death Bremen