Heinz Zeiss

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Heinrich "Heinz" Zeiss (* 12. July 1888 in Frankfurt am Main ; † 23. March 1949 in the camp Vladimir / Soviet Union ) was a German physician , epidemiologist and hygienist . Zeiss was known for his concept of " Geomedicine of the eastern".

Live and act

Zeiss studied medicine in Marburg, Heidelberg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Berlin and Munich. He received his doctorate in Freiburg in 1912. First he worked from 1912 to 1913 as an assistant doctor at the Institute for Hygiene in Gießen.

Zeiss became an assistant doctor in the reserve in 1914 and took part in the First World War. From 1914 to 1921 he worked as an assistant at the Hamburg Institute for Ship and Tropical Hygiene and from 1921 as a Hamburg port doctor. Between 1915 and 1932 he stayed “with brief interruptions almost exclusively in Asia Minor and the Soviet Union ”. For several years he did research in the areas of disease control and geomedicine. As a member of the German Red Cross , he headed the bacteriological center of the DRK in Moscow from 1921 during the starvation expedition. He set up a central bacteriological laboratory in which vaccines were produced and epidemiological expeditions were planned. In 1922 he organized the port medical service in Saint Petersburg . After the end of the famine, Zeiss stayed in the Soviet Union and completed his habilitation in 1924 at the University of Hamburg . In 1925 he had received an extraordinary professorship at the University of Hamburg. In Moscow he became head of department at the Chemo-Pharmaceutical Research Institute in 1924/25 and was custodian of the microbiological collection at the Tarasevich Institute for Seum Control and Experimental Therapy from 1924 to 1932. In addition, he fulfilled a cultural and political mandate from the Foreign Office and remained in close contact with the German Embassy in Moscow, to which he regularly sent reports on his business trips. At the end of February 1932, Zeiss had to return to the German Reich after allegations of espionage .

At the beginning of November 1933 he was appointed “a regular associate professor in the Medical Faculty of the University of Berlin and deputy director of the Hygiene Institute”. As early as 1931 he had his habilitation in Berlin, where he received the license to teach tropical medicine and hygiene.

Zeiss had been a member of the DNVP during the Weimar Republic and joined the NSDAP at the beginning of December 1931 and the Nazi Medical Association at the beginning of January 1932 . He became the NSDAP's shop steward at the medical faculty and was a member of the Advisory Council on Population and Race Policy of the Reich Ministry of the Interior . In March 1937 he became full professor of hygiene and headed the institute until 1945. In 1944 he became the head of the entertainment lecturer .

During the Second World War he was involved in the DFG research project "Experimental Investigations on Typhus" in 1940/41 and, as an "expert in biological warfare", became director of the Hygienic-Bacteriological Institute of the Military Medical Academy in 1942. In August 1942, Adolf Hitler appointed him extraordinary member of the Scientific Senate of Army Medical Services. Zeiss was elected a member of the Leopoldina in 1943 (Section: Microbiology and Immunology).

After the war ended, he was sentenced to 25 years in prison in the Soviet Union on July 10, 1948. He died, weakened by his Parkinson's disease , on March 22, 23 or 31, 1949 in the prison hospital of Vladimir of typhus or "war typhus " .

literature

  • Ernst Klee : The dictionary of persons on the Third Reich . Who was what before and after 1945 . 2nd Edition. Fischer-Taschenbuch-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2007, ISBN 978-3-596-16048-8 .
  • Sabine Schleiermacher: The hygienist Heinz Zeiss and his concept of "Geomedicine of the East" . In: Rüdiger Vom Bruch, Christoph Jahr, Rebecca Schaarschmidt (eds.): The Berlin University in the Nazi era. Volume 2. Franz Steiner Verlag, 2005.
  • Wolfgang U. Eckart : From commissioners and camels. Heinrich Zeiss - doctor and scout in the Soviet Union 1921–1931. Schöningh, Paderborn 2016, ISBN 978-3-506-78584-8 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The dates of death are also March 22nd and March 31st.
  2. ^ H. Harmsen: In memory of Professor Dr. med. Heinz Zeiss, 23 March 1949. In: Zentralbl Bakteriol Orig. April 1957, 168 (3-4), pp. 161-4. PMID 13434359
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h Sabine Schleiermacher: The hygienist Heinz Zeiss and his concept of "Geomedicine of the East" . In: Rüdiger Vom Bruch, Christoph Jahr, Rebecca Schaarschmidt (eds.): The Berlin University in the Nazi era. Volume 2. Franz Steiner Verlag, 2005, p. 17ff. ISBN 9783515086585
  4. ↑ Werner E. Gerabek : Zeiss, Heinrich (Heinz). In: Werner E. Gerabek, Bernhard D. Haage, Gundolf Keil , Wolfgang Wegner (Hrsgg.): Enzyklopädie Medizingeschichte. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, p. 1526.
  5. ↑ Werner E. Gerabek: Zeiss, Heinrich. 2005, p. 1526.
  6. ↑ Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg (Ed.): Wolfgang U. Eckart : To the best of my ability energetic help , research magazine Ruperto Carola 3, 1999. Online resource: To give active help to the best of my ability .
  7. ^ Wolfgang U. Eckart : From commissioners and camels. Heinrich Zeiss - doctor and scout in the Soviet Union 1921–1931. Schöningh, Paderborn 2016, pp. 90–91. ISBN 978-3-506-78584-8 .
  8. ^ A b c d e Ernst Klee: Das Personenlexikon zum Third Reich , Frankfurt am Main 2007, p. 691
  9. ↑ Heinz Zeiss' membership entry at the German Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldina , accessed on April 5, 2015.
  10. ^ Wolfgang U. Eckart and Christoph Gradmann : Hygiene. In: The University of Heidelberg under National Socialism. Edited by Wolfgang U. Eckart, Volker Sellin and Eike Wolgast, Springer, Heidelberg 2006, p. 696 ff., Here: p. 706
  11. ^ Marion A. Hulverscheidt: Contributions to the German typhus research: Hilda Sikora - The invisible. In: Aviation Medicine - Tropical Medicine - Travel Medicine 20, 2013, 5, pp. 215-217
personal data
SURNAME Zeiss, Heinz
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Zeiss, Heinrich; Zeiss, Heinz
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German doctor
DATE OF BIRTH July 12, 1888
PLACE OF BIRTH Frankfurt am Main
DATE OF DEATH March 23, 1949
Place of death Vladimir (Russia)