Hellerkräuter
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Acker-Hellerkraut ( Thlaspi arvense ) |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
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| L. |
The light herbs ( Thlaspi ), also known as pocket herbs , are a genus of plants in the cruciferous family (Brassicaceae). The few species are native to Eurasia and East Africa. The two species native to Central Europe are neophytes in many parts of the world , for example in North America.
description
Vegetative characteristics
The Thlaspi species grow as herbaceous plants . Crushed plants often smell unpleasant. The plant parts can have trichomes (plant hair) depending on the type . The upright stems are unbranched or branched towards the tip.
The leaves are both in basal rosettes and distributed on the stem ( phyllotaxis ). The leaf blades are simple with wavy, serrated, or smooth leaf margins . The basal leaves, which are often wilted when the fruit is ripe, have more or less long stalks and the alternate stem leaves are sessile. There are no stipules.
Generative characteristics
The racemose partial inflorescences contain only a few flowers . The inflorescence axes lengthen until the fruit is ripe. The slender flower stalks are sparse, straight or slightly curved when the fruit ripens.
The hermaphroditic flowers are fourfold with double perianth . The four erect or ascending sepals are ovate or oblong. The four petals are mostly spatulate and they can be nailed. The stamens are slightly widened at the base. There are two or four nectar glands , with the middle glands always missing. The upper permanent ovary contains 6 to 16 ovules . A stylus is sometimes barely noticeable and the scar is head-shaped.
Pedunculated, elongated, obovate, inverted heart-shaped or almost spherical pods are formed; that is, they are at most three times as long as they are wide. The two bald flaps are winged. The replum is rounded and the septum is fully formed. The seeds are wingless, plump and egg-shaped. The seed coat is roughly net-like, honeycomb or concentrically striped and does not become sticky or slimy when wet.
The basic chromosome number is x = 7.
Systematics
From the formerly very broad, heterogeneous genus Thlaspi , some independent genera have recently been separated. So the genera Microthlaspi and Noccaea , the latter contains most of the former Thlaspi species of Central European flora. The genus Thlaspi belongs to the tribe Thlaspideae in the family Brassicaceae .
The generic name Thlaspi was first published in 1753 by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum . Thlaspi (Greek ϑλάσπι; the name used in Greek and Latin antiquity for the common shepherd's purse ) is derived from the Greek word thalo for "I press together" or ϑλάω "I press" and refers to the (similar to shepherd's purse - Species) flattened pods.
Today the genus Thlaspi contains only six annual species:
- Leek-Hellerkraut ( Thlaspi alliaceum L. )
- Acker-Hellerkraut ( Thlaspi arvense L. )
- Thlaspi ceratocarpon (Pall.) Murray : Home is eastern Turkey, Kazakhstan, Afghanistan, western Siberia and northern Mongolia.
- Thlaspi huetii Boiss. : The homeland is Georgia, Armenia and northeastern Turkey.
- Thlaspi kochianum F.K.Mey. : The homeland is northeastern Turkey.
- Thlaspi oliveri Engl .: The homeland is East Africa from Ethiopia to Tanzania.
For example, the following no longer belong to the genus Thlaspi in the narrower sense:
- Stalk- embracing Hellerkraut ( Microthlaspi perfoliatum (L.) FKMey. , Syn .: Thlaspi perfoliatum L. )
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Mountain Hellerkraut ( Noccaea caerulescens (J. Presl & C. Presl) FKMey. , Syn .: Thlaspi caerulescens J. Presl & C. Presl ): With the subspecies:
- Calamine Hellerkraut ( Noccaea caerulescens subsp. Sylvestris (Jord.) FKMey. , Syn .: Thlaspi calaminare (Lej.) Lej. & Courtois )
- Eastern Alps Hellerkraut ( Noccaea crantzii F.K.Mey. , Syn .: Thlaspi alpinum Crantz )
- Kerner-Hellerkraut ( Noccaea minima (Ard.) FKMey. , Syn .: Thlaspi kerneri Huter )
- Berg-Hellerkraut ( Noccaea montana (L.) FKMey. , Syn .: Thlaspi montanum L. )
- Round-leaved Hellerkraut ( Noccaea rotundifolia (L.) Moench , Syn .: Thlaspi rotundifolium (L.) Gaudin )
swell
literature
- Ihsan A. Al-Shehbaz: Thlaspi. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Volume 7: Magnoliophyta: Salicaceae to Brassicaceae . Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford a. a. 2010, ISBN 978-0-19-531822-7 , pp. 445 (English, limited preview in Google Book search). , Online. (Section description and systematics).
- Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 .
- Friedrich Karl Meyer: Critical revision of the "Thlaspi" species of Europe, Africa and the Middle East. Special part. I - Thlaspi L. In: Haussknechtia. Volume 8, 2001, pp. 3-42.
- Friedrich Karl Meyer: Critical revision of the "Thlaspi" species of Europe, Africa and the Middle East. Special part IX - Noccaea Moench. In: Haussknechtia, supplement. Volume 12, 2006, 343 pp.
Individual evidence
- ^ Thlaspi in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
- ↑ Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum. Volume 2, Impensis Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae 1753, p. 645, digitized .
- ↑ Hans Zotter : Ancient medicine. The collective medical manuscript Cod. Vindobonensis 93 in Latin and German. Academic printing and Verlagsanstalt, Graz 1980 (= Interpretationes ad codices. Volume 2); 2nd, improved edition, ibid. 1986, ISBN 3-201-01310-2 , pp. 302-305.
