Hermann Makower

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Hermann Makower (born March 8, 1830 in Santomischel ; † April 1, 1897 in Berlin ) was a German lawyer and chairman of the assembly of representatives of the Berlin Jewish community.

Life

Makower was born the son of the Jewish businessman Jakob Makower and his wife Glückchen Keile Jolowicz in Santomischel (Prussian province of Posen ). In 1839 his father sent him to Berlin, where, under poor circumstances, he attended the French grammar school until he graduated from high school. From 1848 to 1851 studied Makower at the Friedrich-Wilhelms University in Berlin Law , interrupted by military service. In 1851 he was appointed auscultator and passed the assessor exam in 1856 . Also in 1856 he was promoted to Vice Sergeant in the Prussian Army . In 1857 he became associate court assessor and was thus the first Jewish (unbaptized) judge at the Berlin City Court. In 1857 he was appointed to the Prussian ( Bornemannsche ) commission to deliberate on the draft of a new code of civil procedure and to the commission to deliberate on the draft of a German public debt order ( bankruptcy order ). In 1864 he was admitted to the bar in Berlin. In addition, Makower exercised the office of notary , and he and his friend Siegmund Joel Meyer (born November 22, 1830 - March 8, 1903) were the first Jews to be awarded the title of Royal Notary . Since the 1st German Jurists ' Conference in 1860, Makower has held various positions for many years: since 1867 he was a member of the permanent deputation of the German Jurists' Conference, and from 1881 he also held the office of treasurer. In 1879 Makower became a member of the board of the Berlin Bar Association , later deputy chairman.

Makower was a specialist in commercial law and since 1862 the author of a commentary on the Commercial Code , which was continued by his son Felix from the 12th edition. As a lawyer he represented the later Chancellor Prince Chlodwig zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst in a Russian inheritance matter in 1888 . In spectacular synagogue fire process of Neustettin he defended 1883/1884 together with Erich Sello and the Neustettiner lawyer Scheunemann successful Jewish defendants. As early as 1882 he had defended the historian Theodor Mommsen in a sensational criminal trial when he was accused of insulting the Reich Chancellor Otto von Bismarck .

From May 1866 to December 1892 Hermann Makower was a member of the Representative Assembly of the Berlin Jewish Community ; since 1870 he was chairman of this body. Together with Siegmund Joel Meyer, who, among other things, was the head of the community council for many years, he was able to achieve a lot. On the occasion of the bloody persecution of Jews in Russia in 1881/82, Makower headed the German aid committee for Russian refugees. In 1882 he himself traveled to the Galician city ​​of Brody, which borders on Russia, and brought 39 refugee children to Berlin. These were housed in a house they had bought in Pankow , from which the Second Orphanage of the Berlin Jewish Community developed under Makower's direction .

Hermann Makower's grave in the Schönhauser Allee cemetery , Berlin

In 1862 Makower married Doris Ball from Calau . The marriage had two children, Hedwig and Felix. Daughter Hedwig Makower married the Berlin district judge Eugen Loewe ; a son of this connection was the meteorologist and polar researcher Fritz Loewe . Son Felix Makower (* 1863, † January 31, 1933) became a lawyer and was the last chairman of the Association of German Jews .

The grave of Hermann Makower and his wife is located in Berlin on the Jewish cemetery on Schönhauser Allee .

Awards and honors

In 1888 Makower was awarded the Prussian Order of the Red Eagle, 4th class, for his services .

Fonts

  • The position of the defense in Prussian criminal proceedings. Rudolph Wagner, Berlin, 1857.
  • About the community relations of the Jews in Prussia. J. Guttentag, Berlin, 1873. ( Online )
  • Our church. Lecture on the best of the College for the Science of Judaism given in Berlin on January 10, 1881. Jolowicz, Posen, 1881 ( PDF file ).
  • The general German commercial code, together with the Prussian introductory law of June 24, 1861 and the instruction of December 12, 1861. Explained from the sources for practical use. 11. verm. And verb. Edition. Guttentag, Berlin 1893. (1st edition 1862 together with Siegmund Joel Meyer; continued from the 12th edition by Felix Makower.)
  • Bill protests. In: Journal for the entire commercial law 41 (= NF 26) (1893), pp. 361–364. ISSN  1619-6155 .
  • To revise the German bankruptcy code. In: Journal for German Civil Procedure Volume 20 (1894), pp. 441–485. (Also published separately.) ( Online ) ( PDF file )
  • Contributions to the assessment of the draft commercial code. By H. Makower and H [ermann] Veit Simon. Guttentag, Berlin, 1896. ( Online )
  • Laws relating to the private law relationships of inland navigation and rafting. 1st edition - Berlin: Guttentag, 1896 (Guttentagsche Collection of German Reich Laws; No. 36.) (Edited after Makower's death or continued by Eugen Loewe.)

literature

  • Deutsche Juristenteitung 2 (1897), p. 162. (Obituary by Meyer, Online .)
  • Bernhard Breslauer: Hermann Makower. In: Allgemeine Zeitung des Judenthums 62 (1898), No. 14, pp. 162–163; No. 15, pp. 173-175; No. 16, pp. 185-188; No. 17, pp. 200-202. ( Online .)
  • Hermann Makower. In: The Jewish encyclopedia. Ed. by Isidore Singer. Vol. 8. 1905, pp. 273-274. ( Online .)
  • Gerd Hoffmann: The trial of the fire in the synagogue in Neustettin. Anti-Semitism in Germany at the end of the 19th century. With an introductory bibliography and biobibliographical notes on Ernst Henrici , Hermann Makower, Erich Sello. Hoffmann, Schifferstadt 1998, ISBN 3-929349-30-2 . (Includes a biography of Makower on pp. 282–292, as well as a list of the writings by and about Makower.) ( Table of contents. )
  • Kurt Jacob Ball-Kaduri : The life of the Jews in Germany in 1933: a time report . Frankfurt a. M.: European Verl.-Anst. 1963 (relative)

Web links

Commons : Hermann Makower  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Association of the supporters and friends of the former Jewish orphanage in Pankow
  2. ↑ The Makower family had close ties to Calau through the Balls family house, which they inherited from there, and where family reunions and holiday stays took place on a regular basis. (Cf. inter alia: Das Calauer Judenhaus. History of a family house. In: Ball-Kaduri, Kurt J .: Jewish life once and now. Ner-Talmid-Verlag, Munich 1961, pp. 5-63. - Grimme, Carin, H .: The Calau family house. In: “Yesterday we arrived safely here.” Contributions to Jewish history in Niederlausitz. Oettel, Görlitz 2005, pp. 112–129.)
  3. ^ Breslauer, Walter: The Association of German Jews (1904–1922) . In: Bulletin of the Leo Baeck Institute 7. 1964, pp. 345–379.
personal data
SURNAME Makower, Hermann
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German lawyer
DATE OF BIRTH March 8, 1830
PLACE OF BIRTH Santomischel
DATE OF DEATH April 1, 1897
Place of death Berlin