Heterogastridae

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Heterogastridae
Nettle bug (Heterogaster urticae)

Nettle bug ( Heterogaster urticae )

Systematics
Class : Insects (Insecta)
Order : Schnabelkerfe (Hemiptera)
Subordination : Bed bugs (heteroptera)
Partial order : Pentatomomorpha
Superfamily : Lygaeoidea
Family : Heterogastridae
Scientific name
Heterogastridae
Stål , 1872

The Heterogastridae are a family of bugs (Heteroptera) within the suborder Pentatomomorpha . Until the revision of the Pentatomomorpha with a focus on the Lygaeoidea by Henry in 1997, it was a subfamily of the ground bugs (Lygaeidae) and was then placed in the family rank. It comprises 24 genera and 100 species. In Europe, seven species are represented, five of which occur in Central Europe.

features

The bugs have an elongated to elongated egg-shaped body. Some species mimic that of ants with their appearance. The cheek plates (bucculae) laterally delimiting the beak groove are short. The membranes of the hemielytres have one or two closed cells. In the hind wings there are both hamus (a hook-shaped cross vein in the discal cell derived from the media) and intervannal veins (wing veins not connected to the base in the vannus, a wing field delimited by folding lines). In the case of the adults , all spiracles are on the abdomen on the ventral side . In the male genitalia, the phallus is simply built and has a receding vesica. The spermatheca, which is also simply built, is elongated and coiled. In the nymphs , the scent gland openings are located on the abdomen between the third to sixth tergum .

distribution

Most of the members of the family are found in the eastern hemisphere; the Afrotropis and Orientalis are their main distribution area. There are two nearctic species from the genus Heterogaster , which otherwise has its main distribution center in the Palearctic . Most genera comprise five or fewer species and are limited to a particular zoogeographical region .

Way of life

The family's way of life has been poorly researched. They presumably suckle on seeds and live on their host plants. A number of species live on plants belonging to the stinging nettle family (Urticaceae) and mint family (Lamiaceae), some Afrotropic species are known to suckle the seeds of fig species ( Ficus ).

Taxonomy and systematics

Carl Stål described the group for the first time in 1872 above the genus as "Phygadicida". It was then variously regarded as a family, subfamily, tribe or subtribe and was often merged with the Pachygronthidae . The current classification of the group was created in 1997 after a revision of the Pentatomomorpha with a focus on the Lygaeoidea by Henry. He reclassified the group, which had been considered a subfamily of the ground bugs (Lygaeidae) until then , and placed them back in the family rank. He sees the Pachygronthidae as a sister group of the family and justifies this with the elongated ovipositor and the receding, non-invasive phallus.

The following species occur in Europe:

With the exception of the Mediterranean Platyplax inermis , they all occur in Central Europe, including Germany.

supporting documents

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Thomas J. Henry: Phylogenetic analysis of family groups within the infraorder Pentatomomorpha (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), with emphasis on the Lygaeoidea. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 90, 3, pp. 275-301, 1997.
  2. ↑ a b c d e Family Heterogastridae. Australian Biological Resources Study. Australian Faunal Directory, accessed April 2, 2014 .
  3. ↑ a b Heterogastrine. Fauna Europaea, accessed April 2, 2014 .
  4. ^ Ekkehard Wachmann , Albert Melber, Jürgen Deckert: Bugs. Volume 3: Pentatomomorpha I: Aradoidea (bark bugs), Lygaeoidea (ground bugs, etc.), Pyrrhocoroidea (fire bugs) and Coreoidea (edge ​​bugs, etc.). (=  The animal world of Germany and the adjacent parts of the sea according to their characteristics and their way of life . 78th part). Goecke & Evers, Keltern 2007, ISBN 978-3-937783-29-1 , p. 84 .
  5. ^ RT Schuh, JA Slater: True Bugs of the World (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Classification and Natural History. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York 1995, p. 257.
  6. ↑ Hannes Günther & Gerhard Schuster: Directory of bedbugs in Central Europe (Heteroptera). German entomological journal Neue Reihe, 37, pp. 361-396, 1990

literature

  • RT Schuh, JA Slater: True Bugs of the World (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Classification and Natural History. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York 1995.