Heterometrus canarensis
| Heterometrus canarensis | ||||||||||||
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| Heterometrus canarensis | ||||||||||||
| ( Pocock , 1900) |
Heterometrus kanarensis is an Indian scorpion in the Scorpionidae family .
description
Heterometrus kanarensis is a 120 to 150 millimeter long scorpion with a reddish-brown to black basic color. Only the chelae and the telson are lighter, but sometimes also black. The chelae are covered with dense long setae and are lobed in shape, with a length to width ratio of 2.1 to 2.35 to 1. Their upper surface is relatively smooth with few granules that do not form keels. The chelae of males are more elongated than those of the females; the other limbs of the pedipalps show no sexual dimorphism . The carapace has a smooth and shiny surface in the middle, with granules occasionally on the edges. The combs of the comb organ have 13 to 14 teeth in male scorpions and 10 to 13 teeth in female. The telson is densely hairy and elongated, with a poisonous bladder that is shorter than the poison sting .
distribution and habitat
As Terra typica of Heterometrus kanarensis , Kanara was specified in the first description . This region includes today's districts of Dakshina Kannada , Udupi and Uttara Kannada in the southern Indian state of Karnataka ( 14 ° 53 ′ 0 ″ N , 74 ° 35 ′ 0 ″ E ). The region lies between the Konkan Coast in the west and the Western Ghats in the east.
Various authors named Maharashtra as the area of distribution in the past , sometimes incorrectly referring to the first description. They were probably misled by the original lettering of the type specimens, the current borders of the state of Maharashtra do not coincide with those of the region of the same name in the 19th century. In addition, Kovařík indicated Goa as another site on the basis of an examination of a juvenile collection specimen . Since the 1990s specimens have been found in various districts of the state of Kerala located on the Western Ghats .
Systematics
Initial description
It was first described by Reginald Innes Pocock in 1900 as a subspecies of Heterometrus scaber . To distinguish it from the nominate form, Pocock only indicated the sparse granulation of the surfaces of the carapace and other body parts.
Type material
Pocock based his first description on an adult male and two adult female specimens from the locality, which had been collected by the British-Indian forest official and entomologist Thomas RD Bell around 1897. The type specimens were only determined by Couzijn in 1981 as a male lectotype and two female paralectotypes. The three type specimens are in the collection of the Natural History Museum in London .
etymology
The species name is derived from the proper name of the Kanara region, in which the type is found.
Synonyms and misspellings (chronological)
- Palamnaeus scaber kanarensis Pocock , 1900 : the name was given by Pocock in his first description, but the genus Palamnaeus had already been declared a synonym for Heterometrus by Ferdinand Karsch in 1879 .
- Heterometrus (Chersonesometrus) phipsoni kanarensis Couzijn , 1981 : HWC Couzijn described the subgenus Chersonesometrus in 1981 , in which he also placed Heterometrus kanarensis as a subspecies of Heterometrus phipsoni .
- Heterometrus (Chersonesometrus) kanaraensis Tikader & Bastawade , 1983 : the Indian arachnologists BK Tikader and DB Bastawade awarded Heterometrus kanarensis in their 1983 monograph on the scorpions of India. They kept the sub-genera described by Couzijn. The subgenus Chersonesometrus and all other subgenera of Heterometrus described by Couzijn were repealed in 2004 by František Kovařík in his revision of the genus Heterometrus .
- Specific epithet kanaraensis : Pocock published its first description in 1900 with the specific epithet kanarensis . Kanaraensis would have been correct, but the following authors are bound to Pocock's original spelling. In the literature, the spelling kanaraensis , which does not conform to the rules of zoological nomenclature, is used again and again, including in 1983 by Tikader and Bastawade and in 1998 in a monograph by František Kovařík. Although the arachnologist Victor Fet had already pointed out the incorrect spelling in 2000, Kovaříks used it again in his 2004 revision.
literature
- František Kovařík: A review of the genus Heterometrus Ehrenberg, 1828, with descriptions of seven new species (Scorpiones, Scorpionidae). In: Euscorpius , 2004, No. 15, pp. 1-60, online PDF , 6.3 MB.
- Reginald Innes Pocock: Arachnida. The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Taylor & Francis, London 1900, p. 93, digitized .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d František Kovařík: A review of the genus Heterometrus, p. 20.
- ↑ a b c d Reginald Innes Pocock: Arachnida. The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. , P. 93.
- ^ František Kovařík: A review of the genus Heterometrus, p. 52.
- ↑ a b Victor Fet: Family Scorpionidae. In: Victor Fet et al .: Catalog of the scorpions of the world (1758-1998). The New York Entomological Society, New York 2000, pp. 427-486, here pp. 441-442, online PDF , 31 MB.
- ↑ DB Bastawade, PM Sureshan and C. Radhakrishnan: An illustrated key to the identification of Scorpions (Scorpionida: Arachnida) of Kerala and notes on some interesting new records. In: Records of Zoological Survey of India 2004, Volume 103, No. 1–2, pp. 43–58, Online PDF , 620 kB.
- ↑ PM Sureshan, DB Bastawade and C. Radhakrishnan: Taxonomic studies on a collection of scorpions (Scorpiones: Arachnida) from the Western Ghats in Kerala, India with two new distribution records. In: Zoos' Print Journal 2007, Volume 22, No. 12, pp. 2903-2908, doi : 10.11609 / JoTT.ZPJ.1751.2903-8 .
- ^ A b H. WC Couzijn: Revision of the genus Heterometrus. In: Zoologische Verhandelingen 1981, Volume 184, No. 1, pp. 1–196 (also dissertation, University of Leiden 1981), here pp. 151–153, online PDF , 18.6 MB.
- ↑ Gérard Dupré: Dictionary of scientific scorpion names. In: Arachnides. Bulletin de Terrariophile et de Recherche 2016, Supplement to No. 78, p. 32, Online PDF , 560 kB.
- ^ Ferdinand Karsch: Scorpionological contributions. I. In: Mitteilungen des Münchener Entomologische Verein 1879, Volume 3, No. 1, pp. 6–22, here p. 20, digitized .
- ^ František Kovařík: A review of the genus Heterometrus, p. 4.
- ↑ BK Tikader and DB Bastawade: Scorpions (Scorpionida: Arachnida). The Fauna of India, Vol. 3. Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta 1983, pp. 636-641, Online PDF , 30 MB.