Hilliger (bell founder)
Crucifix by Hans Hillger on Charles Bridge in Prague
Hilliger or Hilger is the family name of a Saxon bell and gun foundry dynasty , which was located in Freiberg since the beginning of the 15th century , first under the name Kanngiesser and later also in Dresden and can be traced back to Saxony until the middle of the 18th century. The name Kanngiesser was dropped when Martin I was awarded the coat of arms in 1521, the family coat of arms showed a white bear in a red field.
Members of the Hilliger foundry family
The founder of the foundry family is:
- Hans I., also Kanngiesser , who in 1412 made a foundation for the Trinity altar of the Nikolaikirche in Freiberg. His two sons followed him
- Hans II., Also Kanngiesser , (1420–1471) as well
- Nicol, also Kanngießer , mentioned from 1435 to 1481. His bell castings for the Petrikirche were lost in the town fires of 1471 and 1484. His son
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Oswald I. , also Kanngiesser , (around 1450–1517) continued the family tradition. In 1482 he set up a new foundry and after the Freiberg city fire of 1484, he cast the new bells for the city's churches. One from 1487 is preserved in the secular Nikolaikirche, four more in Freiberg Cathedral , including Great Susanne from 1488. His two sons followed him into the profession.
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Martin I , (also called Merten Hylger and Kanngießer ), (1484–1544) took over his father's workshop in 1517 and renovated the foundry for the third time in 1537. Bells received from him are u. a. in the forest park Kurort Hartha ( Fördergersdorfer bell from 1517) and in the Naumburg town church St. Wenzel (1518). But the only preserved old bell of the Dresden Frauenkirche , the Maria Memorial Bell (1518), comes from his workshop. His two sons also became bell founders:
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Wolfgang I. (1511-1576) took over in 1544, the bell foundry, first with his brother Oswald II. He was from 1557 several times Mayor of Freiberg and worked as the first of the family temporarily and permanently in Dresden, where from 1567 he the foundry of the arsenal headed . One of his bells can still be found in Leipzig's St. Thomas Church . His most important work is the epitaph for Duke Philip I of Pomerania , which is located together with his sarcophagus in the St. Petri Church in Wolgast . A medallion depicting a bear in the lower area of the brass plate bears the inscription "Wolff Hilger czu Freiberg gos mich." His sons Martin II, Wolfgang II and Paul also learned the foundry trade
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Martin II. (1538–1601) represented his father in the foundry in Dresden, worked temporarily (1577–1587) also in Graz for Archduke Charles II of Inner Austria . His sons Martin III. and John I also became foundries
- Martin III (1565–1620) worked from 1591 as a piece caster for Emperor Rudolf II at the courts in Prague and Vienna and died in Vienna.
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Johannes I (1567–1640) first worked with his father Martin II in the Dresden foundry. After his father's death he became an electoral gun founder and was mayor of Dresden from 1608 to 1638. His son
- Hans Wilhelm (around 1605–1649) was the last Hilliger to succeed his father in the management of the foundry in Dresden.
- Wolfgang II. (1545–1614) took over the foundry in Freiberg from his father Wolfgang I. His sons Gabriel I and Zacharias also became foundries.
- Gabriel I (1580–1633) took over the Freiberg foundry from his father and ran it together with his brother Zacharias.
- Gabriel II. (1614–1684), son of Gabriel I and assistant to uncle Zacharias. 1648 sole owner of the foundry in Freiberg, councilor of the city. His son
- Gabriel III. (1677–1756) was the last foundry member of the Hilliger family, but worked in mining after the foundry's decline.
- Gabriel II. (1614–1684), son of Gabriel I and assistant to uncle Zacharias. 1648 sole owner of the foundry in Freiberg, councilor of the city. His son
- Zacharias (1581–1648) ran the Freiberg foundry independently after his brother's death, later together with his son Gabriel II.
- Gabriel I (1580–1633) took over the Freiberg foundry from his father and ran it together with his brother Zacharias.
- Paul (1548–1603) accompanied his brother Martin II to Graz in 1577 and returned to Freiberg in 1585, where he later ran the business for his brother Wolfgang II
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Martin II. (1538–1601) represented his father in the foundry in Dresden, worked temporarily (1577–1587) also in Graz for Archduke Charles II of Inner Austria . His sons Martin III. and John I also became foundries
- Oswald II (1518–1546) was after joint casting of the Luther table for the castle church of Hartenfels Castle with his brother Wolfgang I (1545) gun foundry for Duke Philip I of Pomerania in Stettin , where he died early.
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Wolfgang I. (1511-1576) took over in 1544, the bell foundry, first with his brother Oswald II. He was from 1557 several times Mayor of Freiberg and worked as the first of the family temporarily and permanently in Dresden, where from 1567 he the foundry of the arsenal headed . One of his bells can still be found in Leipzig's St. Thomas Church . His most important work is the epitaph for Duke Philip I of Pomerania , which is located together with his sarcophagus in the St. Petri Church in Wolgast . A medallion depicting a bear in the lower area of the brass plate bears the inscription "Wolff Hilger czu Freiberg gos mich." His sons Martin II, Wolfgang II and Paul also learned the foundry trade
- Andreas (around 1486-after 1560) first worked in the workshop of his father Oswald I and in 1516 together with his brother Martin I in Görlitz in 1516 . Then he founded his own bell foundry in Breslau in 1519 .
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Martin I , (also called Merten Hylger and Kanngießer ), (1484–1544) took over his father's workshop in 1517 and renovated the foundry for the third time in 1537. Bells received from him are u. a. in the forest park Kurort Hartha ( Fördergersdorfer bell from 1517) and in the Naumburg town church St. Wenzel (1518). But the only preserved old bell of the Dresden Frauenkirche , the Maria Memorial Bell (1518), comes from his workshop. His two sons also became bell founders:
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Oswald I. , also Kanngiesser , (around 1450–1517) continued the family tradition. In 1482 he set up a new foundry and after the Freiberg city fire of 1484, he cast the new bells for the city's churches. One from 1487 is preserved in the secular Nikolaikirche, four more in Freiberg Cathedral , including Great Susanne from 1488. His two sons followed him into the profession.
Other bell locations
- A Hilliger bell belongs to the bell of the Evangelical Church of Our Lady (Dahlen) : The big bell (basic tone es') dates from 1625, is 142 cm wide and weighs 1,600 kilograms.
literature
- Julius Schmidt: The Hilliger bell and piece foundry family. In: Messages from the Freiberg Antiquities Association. Issue 4, Gerlach, Freiberg 1866, pp. 341-364 ( slub-dresden.de ).
- Heinrich Gerlach: News about the oldest bronze cannons in Saxony, especially that of Wolf Hilger (Hilliger) in Freiberg. With illus. Booklet 18, Gerlach, Freiberg 1882, pp. 43–72 ( slub-dresden.de ).
- Otto Hübner: The Hilliger family. In: Messages from the Freiberg Antiquities Association. Issue 42, Gerlach, Freiberg 1906, pp. 1-72 ( slub-dresden.de ).
- Karl Walter : Bell customer. Pustet, Regensburg 1913.
- Hilliger (bell and gun foundry family) . In: Hans Vollmer (Hrsg.): General lexicon of fine artists from antiquity to the present . Founded by Ulrich Thieme and Felix Becker . tape 17 : Heubel – Hubard . EA Seemann, Leipzig 1924, p. 99-100 .
- Horst Pohl: Hilliger. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 9, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1972, ISBN 3-428-00190-7 , p. 157 f. ( Digitized version ).
- Hans-Georg Eichler: Manual of the piece and bell founders on the basis of the bells handed down in central and eastern Germany. Published by Barbara Poettgen, issue 2 of the writings from the German Bell Museum Burg Greifenstein, Greifenstein 2003.
- Rainer Thümmel : Bell casting in Saxony. Chemnitz Industrial Museum - Museum Courier, August 2006, accessed on February 19, 2020 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Gustav Eduard Benseler: History of Freiberg and its mining . Engelhardt, Freiberg 1843, p. 504 f . ( books.google.de ).
- ↑ mv-naumburg.de , accessed on October 2, 2017.
- ^ Norbert Buske, Sabine Bock: Wolgast. Ducal residence and castle. Churches and chapels. Port and city. Thomas Helms, Schwerin 1995, ISBN 3-931185-05-2 , pp. 47-51.
- ^ Rainer Thümmel: Bells in Saxony. Sound between heaven and earth . Ed .: Evangelical Lutheran Regional Church Office of Saxony. Second, updated and supplemented edition. Evangelische Verlagsanstalt GmbH, Leipzig 2015, ISBN 978-3-374-02871-9 , p. 284 .