Brain stem syndrome
| Classification according to ICD-10 | |
|---|---|
| G46.3 | Brain stem syndrome |
| ICD-10 online (WHO version 2019) | |
Brain stem syndromes result from lesions in the brain stem . As with lesions in other parts of the nervous system , one can conclude from the sum of the symptoms, the syndrome, the location of the damage, for example the level of damage in the brain stem ( midbrain , pons , elongated marrow ). Brain stem syndromes are mostly characterized by the failure of cranial nerves (damage to the cranial nerve nuclei) and the failure of long pathways for motor skills or sensitivity . In the case of incomplete brain stem damage, there is characteristically the development of alternating (v. Lat.alternating, different on both sides) symptoms, d. H. Depending on the location of the damage, the symptoms appear partly on the same (homo-, ipsilateral ) and partly on the opposite ( contralateral ) side of the body.
Brain stem syndromes are often named with the proper name of the first person describing it (e.g. Wallenberg syndrome ). In practice, however, one often sees syndromes that are not typical or not fully developed or that combine features of several classic syndromes.
Acute brainstem syndromes are caused by cerebral infarction , cerebral haemorrhage or inflammation (for example in the context of multiple sclerosis ). Chronic brainstem syndromes can be attributed, among other things, to space-occupying tumors.
Alternating midbrain syndromes
Midbrain lesions result in alternating midbrain syndromes :
Alternating Pons Syndromes
Lesions in the area of the bridge (pons) lead to alternating pons syndromes . The following Pons syndromes can be distinguished:
- Foville Syndrome
- Brissaud-Sicard syndrome
- Raymond Syndrome
- Raymond Céstan Syndrome
- Gasperini Syndrome
- Grenet syndrome
- Millard-Gubler Syndrome
Alternating medulla oblongata syndromes
If there is a lesion in the area of the elongated medulla - the medulla oblongata - an alternating medulla oblongata syndrome can develop. In the literature, 10 classic medulla oblongata syndromes are distinguished:
- Wallenberg syndrome
- Babinski-Nageotte syndrome
- Cestan-Chenais Syndrome
- Jackson Syndrome
- Avellis Syndrome
- Dejerine-Spiller Syndrome
- Tapia syndrome
- Reinhold syndrome
- Schmidt syndrome
- Vernet syndrome
Veterinary medicine
In domestic animals , brainstem syndromes are mostly infectious ( distemper , rabies , Aujeszky's disease , feline infectious peritonitis , neosporosis and toxoplasmosis ). In domestic dogs also plays idiopathic granulomatous meningoencephalitis a role.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Malte E. Kornhuber; Stephan Zierz (ed.): The neurological examination . Steinkopff Verlag, 2005, p. 44 ff. ISBN 3-7985-1444-5
- ↑ M. Krasnianski: Topical diagnosis and imaging correlates of the classic alternating medulla oblongata syndromes . Habilitation thesis at the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg 2003 ( online version )
