Histone H3
| H3 histone, family 3A | ||
|---|---|---|
| Properties of human protein | ||
| Identifier | ||
| Gene names | H3F3A H3F3 | |
| External IDs | ||
| H3 histone, family 3B (H3.3B) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Properties of human protein | ||
| Identifier | ||
| Gene name | H3F3B | |
| External IDs | ||
Histone H3 is one of the five main histone - proteins of chromatin in eukaryotic cells . Consisting of a globular main domain and a long N-terminal end, it plays a role in the structure of the nucleosomes and thus the “string of pearls” structure of the chromatin threads.
The N-terminal end of histone H3 protrudes from the spherical core of the nucleosome and can be changed by various epigenetic modifications. These histone modifications are covalent attachments of methyl or acetyl groups to the amino acids lysine and arginine and the phosphorylation of serine or threonine . The methylation of lysine 9 is associated with the silencing of genes (see HP1 ), the so-called “ gene silencing ” and the formation of relatively inactive DNA regions, the so-called heterochromatin . The acetylation of histone H3 takes place under the influence of the enzyme family of histone acetyltransferases (HAT) at different lysine positions at the histone end. The acetylation of lysine 14 often takes place in actively transcribed gene regions.
Mutations in the histone H3 protein family are typically found in the rare giant cell tumors of connective tissue and bone.
Other histone proteins
literature
- Wells D, Brown D: Histone and histone gene compilation and alignment update . In: Nucleic Acids Res . . 19 Suppl, April 1991, pp. 2173-88. PMID 2041803 . PMC 331351 (free full text).
- Thatcher TH, Gorovsky MA: Phylogenetic analysis of the core histones H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 . In: Nucleic Acids Res . 22, No. 2, January 1994, pp. 174-9. PMID 8121801 . PMC 307768 (free full text).
- Lachner M, O'Carroll D, Rea S, Mechtler K, Jenuwein T: Methylation of histone H3 lysine 9 creates a binding site for HP1 proteins . In: Nature . 410, No. 6824, March 2001, pp. 116-20. doi : 10.1038 / 35065132 . PMID 11242053 .
- Hake SB, Garcia BA, Duncan EM, et al. : Expression patterns and post-translational modifications associated with mammalian histone H3 variants . In: J. Biol. Chem. . 281, No. 1, January 2006, pp. 559-68. doi : 10.1074 / jbc.M509266200 . PMID 16267050 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Edwin Choy, Francis J. Hornicek, Yen-Lin Chen, Daniel I. Rosenthal, Darcy A. Kerr: Case 26-2016: A 28-year-old woman with back pain and a lesion in the lumbar spine New England Journal of Medicine 2016, Volume 375, Issue 8 of August 25, 2016, pages 779-788, DOI: NEJMcpc1505482