Harwennefer

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Name of Harwennefer
Proper name
Hiero Ca1.svg
G5 G43 N35 F35 F35
Hiero Ca2.svg
Harwennefer / Horwennefer
(Har wen nefer) / (Hor wen nefer)
Ḥr wn nfr
Horus - Wen-nefer ;
Greek Horos Onnophris
´Υρ Γοναϕορ (Hyr gonaphor)

Hugronaphor (also Herwennefer ; formerly erroneously Horemachet , Harmachis ) was an ancient Egyptian antiking sometimes so called. "35 Dynasty ”, which ran from 205 to 199 BC. Ruled in Upper Egypt . He used the epithet "Loved by Isis and Osiris , loved by Amun-Re , King of the Gods, the great God".

Term of office

In an inscription on the naos of the temple of Edfu , the beginning of rebel rule is dated to the time after the completion of the double gate in the 16th year of the reign (206/205 BC) of Ptolemy IV . Harwennefer is also best known from demotic documents. The oldest is dated November 11, 205 BC. Chr. Harwennefer, who rose against the rule of Ptolemy IV in Thebes , used the various domestic political problems existing for Ptolemy IV at this time. For the year 217 BC There is evidence of a rebellion in northern Egypt that resulted in a partisan war that lasted for years. The uprising in Thebes arose from this unrest .

In Pathyris, south of Thebes, Harwennefer is dated September 27, 204 BC. Occupied. In the following period he probably ruled over large areas of the Thebais . A Greek inscription in the Abydenean mortuary temple of Seti I attests to the fifth year of the reign (around 201 BC) of Harwennefer and thus at the same time that this city was at least temporarily in his hands. He was officially recognized as king by the Amun priests in Thebes. All documents from Thebes of this time only mention this ruler and ignore Ptolemy IV.

The last time Harwennefer is in Theban papyri of July 9th and August 7th of the year 199 BC. Occupied. At about the same time, the Ptolemaic army besieged Abydos. Whether Harwennefer stayed in Abydos during this siege is not documented. It is possible that he was killed in the siege fighting, as Anchwennefer was crowned the new pharaoh in Thebes a short time later . A building activity by Harwennefer is not known, which may be due to the fact that he was in constant battle with the troops of Ptolemy IV.

See also

literature

  • Andreas Effland: Unrest and uprisings in the Ptolemaic period . In: Kemet 7.1 . 1998, pp. 17-25.
  • Günther Hölbl : History of the Ptolemaic Empire: Politics, ideology and religious culture from Alexander the great to the Roman conquest . Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt 1994, ISBN 3-5341-0422-6 , pp. 137-138.
  • Pieter Wilhelm Pestman: Haronnophris and Chaonnophris. Two indigenous Pharaohs in Ptolemaic Egypt (205-186 BC). In: Hundred-Gated Thebes: Acts of a Colloquium on Thebes and the Theban Area in the Graeco-Roman Period (= Papyrologica Lugduno-Batava. (PL Bat.) Vol. 27). Brill, Leiden 1995, pp. 101-137.
  • Thomas Schneider : Lexicon of the Pharaohs. Albatros, Düsseldorf 2002, ISBN 3491960533 , pp. 129-130.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Formerly read as Hyrgonaphor and Haronnophris .
  2. ^ Greek inscription in the mortuary temple of Seti I in Abydos ( Memento from June 11, 2010 in the Internet Archive ).
  3. ↑ Papyrus Berlin 3142 and 3144.

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Harwennefer
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Hyrgonaphore
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Antipharaoh of the Ptolemaic period
DATE OF BIRTH 3rd century BC Chr.
DATE OF DEATH 2nd century BC Chr.