Hu Qiaomu

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Hu Qiaomu

Hu Qiaomu ( Chinese  胡喬木  /  胡乔木 , Pinyin Hú Qiáomù ) (* 1912 in Yancheng , Jiangsu Province ; † September 28, 1992 ) was a sociologist, Marxist philosopher, revolutionary and politician of the People's Republic of China . During the economic reforms that followed in China after the death of Mao Zedong , Hu was one of the most famous opponents of the reforms.

He was the first president of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences , a member of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China , a permanent member of the Central Advisory Commission, a former president of the Xinhua State News Agency and a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences since 1955 .

Early career

Hu Qiaomu was born in Yancheng, Jiangsu Province in 1912 . In 1935, he graduated from the Foreign Literature Institute of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences at Zhejiang National University . Before that, he also studied history at Qinghua University in Beijing from 1930 to 1932 .

Hu joined the Chinese Communist Youth Association (KJVC) in 1930 and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in 1932. In the early years of his career, he served in chronological order as Party Secretary of the KJVC in Beijing's Xijiao District, Chairman of the Propaganda Department there, and Chairman of the Anti-Japanese Student and Labor Movement. In 1936 he was appointed general secretary of the China Sociological Association. He later served as general secretary of the Left Cultural Association of China and a member of the Jiangsu Province Transitional Communist Workers' Committee.

He was Mao Zedong's chief secretary from February 1941 (some only claim from 1942) to June 1966. Initially, his work there focused mainly on cultural issues, but later switched to politics. His career as a secretary ended with the Cultural Revolution .

From the proclamation of the People's Republic of China (PRC) on October 1, 1949, he was chairman of the Xinhua news agency for almost two weeks until October 19. He was also head of the PRC News Bureau, Vice President of the Propaganda Department of the Central Committee (CC), Secretary General of the Committee on Culture and Education in the Central Government, and Vice Secretary General of the Government. In 1954 he also participated in the formulation of the Constitution of the People's Republic of China . Two years later, Hu was elected a member of the Eighth Political Bureau of the CCP. In 1977 he became the first president of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and later became honorary president of the academy.

Hardliner after the Cultural Revolution

After Mao Zedong's death, Deng Xiaoping's economic reforms began . Hu Qiaomu was one of the most famous opponents of the reforms. Hu and Deng Liqun , another hardliner within the Propaganda Department, tried together to fight the reforms and thus actively participated in the Campaign against Intellectual Pollution in China in 1983 and campaigned against civil liberalization in 1987 . Both criticized the negative consequences of the economic reforms. During the 1980s, Hu Qiaomu and Deng Liqun tried to get Deng Xiaoping to their side. Hu advocated the use of force against the protesting students in Tian'anmen Square in 1989 and advocated stricter political indoctrination.

The efforts of hardliners like Hu Qiaomu were finally ended in the course of Deng Xiaoping's trip to the south in the spring of 1992, who confirmed that he would continue the reforms and not want to return to old planned economy structures even after the Tian'anmen crisis. Hu Qiaomu died in September 1992 at the age of 81.

literature

  • Roderick MacFarquhar (Editor): The Politics of China: The Eras of Mao and Deng , Cambridge University Press, 1997, ISBN 0-521-58141-9 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Brief overview of Hu Qiaomu ( memento from January 4, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) at the University of Zhejiang on zju.edu.cn, status: January 4, 2006, in the Internet Archive at archive.org, viewed August 23, 2010 (Chinese)
Note: This article places the family name before the person's first name. This is the usual order in Chinese. Hu is the family name here, Qiaomu is the first name.
personal data
SURNAME Hu Qiaomu
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Hú Qiáomù (Pinyin)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Chinese politician (People's Republic of China)
DATE OF BIRTH 1912
PLACE OF BIRTH Yancheng , Jiangsu Province
DATE OF DEATH September 28, 1992