Humboldthafen Bridge
Coordinates: 52 ° 31 ′ 31 ″ N , 13 ° 22 ′ 20 ″ E
| Humboldthafen Bridge | ||
|---|---|---|
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| use | Railway bridge | |
| Convicted | Berlin light rail | |
| Crossing of | Humboldthafen | |
| place |
Berlin , Mitte district |
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| construction | Arch bridge | |
| overall length | 237.5 m | |
| Longest span | 60.2 m | |
| Construction height | 1.7 m | |
| start of building | 1997 | |
| completion | 1999 | |
| opening | 4th July 2002 | |
| location | ||
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The Humboldthafen Bridge is a railway overpass structure that spans the Humboldthafen east of Berlin Central Station . The structure is the longest bridge construction on the Berlin tram route .
Bridges from 1880 and 1907
Since the Lehrter Stadtbahnhof was located north of the new platform hall of the Lehrter Bahnhof , the tram route did not have to span the 60 m wide Berlin-Spandau shipping canal , but the 160 m wide Humboldthafen and harbor streets on both sides in a curve with a radius of around 300 m. The bridge train was completed in 1880 and went into operation in 1882 with the opening of the Berlin Stadtbahn. Each track of the four-track connecting line that crossed Berlin in an east-west direction had its own superstructure. It consisted of riveted, iron trusses with an overhead carriageway and spanned the harbor with five openings, each 30.2 m wide and 3.5 m high. As a rarity in Berlin, the framework system with stands and alternating rising and falling diagonals was executed. The 8 m high pillars had to be partly founded on wooden pile bundles up to 12 m long. The construction costs of the bridge amounted to 498,000 marks.
As early as 1907, the bridge girders had to be replaced due to growing train masses. The replacement of the individual superstructures with a weight of 85 t, the geometry of which remained unchanged, was carried out with large gantry cranes that completely spanned the bridge in the transverse direction. The cranes stood on laterally arranged shunting tracks, which were supported by groups of piles driven into the ground. The renovation was finished in March 1909 and cost 589,218 marks. On the western bank, a further truss girder bridge with 21.3 m span and a three-span solid wall girder bridge with 5.50 m span in the edge fields and 16.0 m in the middle field were arranged on the western bank to bridge the riverside roads to the Lehrter city train station. Between 1931 and 1932 the wooden pile foundation was reinforced by three pillars on the western bank of the Humboldt Harbor. This was long with pillars thickening and around 20 m and 40 cm thick piles of concrete , as well as a chemical soil consolidation executed. In addition, the superstructures in this area were replaced by new solid girder bridges with an overhead track.
After the Second World War , the Humboldthafen Bridge crossed the sector boundary between the British and Soviet sectors and was in the border area after the Berlin Wall was built in 1961. It was now mainly used for cross-border train traffic. Repair work was carried out in 1987 by the Deutsche Reichsbahn .
As part of the new main station building and the relocation of the tram route, the old bridge construction , which is under monument protection , was replaced by a new bridge to the south. In the summer of 2002, the long-distance and S-Bahn tracks were swiveled onto the new city rail route. This was followed in November by the dismantling of the superstructures of the Humboldthafen Bridge from 1907 with ship cranes and the dismantling of the pillars and abutments , which was completed in 2005.
Bridge from 2002
Between 1997 and 1999 the new bridge was built according to a design by the engineering office Schlaich Bergermann und Partner with the architectural help of Gerkan, Marg and Partner .
The structure, which is curved in plan, consists of four bridges lying next to one another, carrying six tracks. Two tracks are used by the S-Bahn , four tracks by the long-distance train. The structure expands in the shape of a trumpet towards the main station from 39 m to a width of 66 m. The track field will be expanded from four to six tracks. The distance between the bridges widens into the main station to the width of the platform.
The outer supporting structures are single-track and are loaded in the western area by the roof of the station hall. The two inner bridges each cross two tracks.
The approximately 240 m long Humboldthafen Bridge consists of two sections in the longitudinal direction. This is the bridge over the Humboldthafen with six openings, 190 m long and the bridges over the Alexanderufer to the east, separated by an expansion joint . The latter structure consists of three double-track superstructures, each with two fields at 20 m and 25 m span and 40 m total width at the eastern abutment. To the west, the Humboldthafen Bridge, again separated by an expansion joint, is continued by the high bridges in the station area.
The superstructures have two-web T-beam cross- sections made of prestressed concrete with a uniform construction height of 1.7 m and a width of up to 8.4 m for the single-track bridges and 14.0 m for the double-track bridges. The carriageway slabs are supported by seamless steel tubes arranged in pairs with a maximum diameter of 660 mm and a wall thickness of 60 mm with a maximum center distance of 26 m in the longitudinal direction of the bridge.
The shipping route is spanned by an elevation of the superstructure on a rod arch construction made of steel pipes with cast nodes. The span is 60 m in the main span and 32 m or 29 m in the side spans. The tubes of the semi-arches have a diameter of 660 mm and a wall thickness of 100 mm. The semi-arches do not meet at the apex, but are supported at the top of the prestressed concrete superstructure and, together with the superstructure as a supporting structure, form a so-called arched bridge anchored in itself (in the superstructure) . The supports and arched stands are clamped rigidly in the prestressed concrete superstructure. The nodes of the arches are made of cast steel parts. Since this type of construction was first used in modern railway bridge construction, extensive component tests had to be carried out at the University of Karlsruhe . The arched supports have to withstand up to 36 MN support forces and consist of cast steel parts with a total weight of 13 t. They are designed to be interchangeable.
The arches and supports of the six-span bridge sections over the Humboldthafen are based on diaphragm walls up to 35 m deep . The 14 diaphragm wall elements of the arched supports have T-sections. At the western end of the bridge section, the necessary precautions for the later construction of the S21 S-Bahn line were also planned.
The Humboldthafenbrücke was awarded the German Bridge Construction Prize 2008 from among 20 applications in the road and railway bridges category, because, according to the jury's verdict, "this elegant structure broke new ground in planning and construction that are trend-setting for modern railway bridge construction". With this structure, a modern railway bridge was realized for the first time, also using cast and rolled steel. The first plans of Deutsche Bahn AG envisaged a pure prestressed concrete construction.
literature
- The light rail. A building history from 1875 until today. 4th edition. Berlin S-Bahn Museum. GVE, Berlin 1996, 2002, ISBN 3-89218-046-6 .
- Michael Braun: Railway bridges over the Humboldthafen in Berlin, 125 years in service . In: Bautechnik 84 , year 2007, issue 8, pp. 587-596.
- Otto Mast: Pillar reinforcement with subsequent deep foundations on the Reichsbahnbrücke over the Humboldthafen in Berlin . In: Der Bauingenieur , 15th year, issue 33/34, 1934, pp. 327–331.
- Jörg Schlaich , Hans Schober: Railway bridges at the Lehrter train station in Berlin - The Humboldthafen Bridge . In: Stahlbau 68 , year 1999, issue 6, pp. 448–456.
- Gerhard Seifert, Volkhard Angelmaier, Gerd Wilhelm, Karl Beschoner: Railway bridge over the Humboldthafen in Berlin . In: Stahlbau 68 , year 1999, issue 7, pp. 511-519.
- F. Bergmair, B. Püstow: The railway bridge over the Humboldthafen in Berlin . In: Civil engineering. Issue 1, year 2000, pp. 4–13
- Wambsganß: Replacement of the Humboldthafen Bridge in Berlin . In: Zeitschrift für Bauwesen , Volume 58 (1908), Col. 225–234, Plate 31–33. Digitized in the holdings of the Central and State Library Berlin .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Humboldthafen Bridge . gmp-architekten.de, accessed September 15, 2012
- ↑ Berlin hub. Lehrter station . DB Projekt Verkehrsbau GmbH (Ed.), August 2002, p. 18; 24-page brochure.
- ^ Humboldthafenbrücke at Berlin Central Station. (No longer available online.) In: brueckenbaupreis.de. Federal Chamber of Engineers and the Association of Consulting Engineers, archived from the original on November 22, 2015 ; accessed on September 7, 2015 (German Bridge Construction Prize 2008). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Bridges . In: Berliner Zeitung , October 13, 2004
