Hundsrauken
| Hundsrauken | ||||||||||||
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Erucastrum | ||||||||||||
| C. Presl |
The Hundsrauken ( Erucastrum ) form a genus of plants that belongs to the cruciferous family (Brassicaceae).
description
Hundsrauken grow as annual to perennial herbaceous plants with a stature height between 30 and 80 cm. They have simple trichomes or are hairless. While the lower leaves close to the ground are staggered, higher leaves start on both sides of the stem . The leaf blade is simple to lobed.
The flowers stand together in terminal racemose inflorescences . The hermaphrodite flowers are fourfold. The color of the four flower petals ranges from a strong yellow to pale yellow to white and green. The style ends in a cephalic or two-branched scar. Usually square pods with two keeled flaps are formed, in which the egg-shaped to elongated seeds are arranged in a single row.
distribution
Original main distribution areas are the Mediterranean area , Macaronesia as well as Central and Southern Europe . Other natural occurrences can be found in south-eastern, north-western and northern Europe , in northern, eastern and southern Africa , on the Arabian Peninsula and the Caucasus region . Today, dog sausages are neophytes in other regions of the world .
Hundsrauken grow mainly in sunny and nutrient-rich ruderal locations.
Systematics
The generic name Erucastrum was first published in 1826 by Karl Bořiwog Presl in Flora Sicula , Volume 1, p. 92. Kibera Adans is a synonym .
About 25 species are known worldwide. Species occurring in Central Europe are:
- French dog mustache ( Erucastrum gallicum (Willd.) OESchulz ): 30–60 cm tall, leaves pinnately lobed with 4–8 side sections, flowers yellow, on fields and on river banks
- Blunt-edged dog mustard or watercress- leaved mustard ( Erucastrum nasturtiifolium (Poir.) OESchulz ): 40–80 cm tall, leaves pinnately lobed with 4–8 blunt side sections, flowers yellow, on fields and rubble
The other types are:
- Erucastrum abyssinicum (A.Rich.) OESchulz : It occurs in Ethiopia, Eritrea and Yemen.
- Erucastrum arabic fish. & CAMey. : It occurs in Africa and on the Arabian Peninsula.
- Erucastrum austroafricanum Al-Shehbaz & Warwick : It occurs in southern Africa.
- Erucastrum brevirostre (Maire) Gomez-Campo : It occurs in Morocco.
- Canary Islands Dogsrauke ( Erucastrum canariense Webb & Berthel. ): It occurs in the Canaries.
- Erucastrum cardaminoides (Webb ex Christ) OE Schulz : It occurs in the Canary Islands.
- Erucastrum elatum (Ball) OESchulz : It occurs in four varieties in Morocco.
- Erucastrum elgonense Jonsell : It was first described from Uganda.
- Erucastrum erigavicum Jonsell : It was first described from Somalia.
- Erucastrum griquense (NEBr.) OESchulz : It was first described from southern Africa.
- Erucastrum ifniense Gómez-Campo : It occurs in Morocco.
- Erucastrum leucanthum Coss. & Durieu : It occurs in Morocco and Algeria.
- Erucastrum littoreum (Pau & Font Quer) Maire : It occurs in three subspecies in Morocco.
- Erucastrum meruense Jonsell : It was first described from Tanzania.
- Erucastrum pachypodum (Chiov.) Jonsell : It was first described from Ethiopia
- Erucastrum palustre (Pirona) Vis.
- Erucastrum rostratum (Balf.f.) Gómez-Campo : It was first described by Socotra.
- Erucastrum strigosum (Thunb.) OESchulz : It occurs in southern Africa.
- Erucastrum takhtajani V.I.Dorof. : It was first described from Armenia.
- Erucastrum varium (Durieu) Durieu : It occurs in Morocco, Algeria and Libya. One can distinguish three subspecies.
- Erucastrum virgatum C. Presl : It occurs in Spain and Italy. One can distinguish four subspecies.
- Erucastrum woodiorum Jonsell : It was first described from North Yemen.
literature
- Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi (Hrsg.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg. Volume 2, Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1990, ISBN 3-8001-3312-1 .
- Anthony G. Miller, Thomas A. Cope, JA Nyberg: Flora of the Arabian Peninsula and Socotra. Volume 1, Edinburgh University Press, 1996, ISBN 0-7486-0475-8 : Erucastrum. Pp. 390–392: Google Books (online)
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Flora of Zimbabwe.
- ^ A b S. I. Warwick, A. Francis, RK Gugel: Guide to Wild Germplasm of Brassica and Allied Crops (tribe Brassiceae, Brassicaceae) . In: Multinational Brassica Genome Project (Ed.): Brassica.info . 3. Edition. Ontario 2009 ( Chapter Taxonomic Checklist and Life History, Ecological, and Geographical Data PDF file 427kB online - Erucastrum ; English).
- ↑ Erucastrum. In: Tropicos. Missouri Botanical Garden, accessed February 17, 2012 .
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Erucastrum in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved July 17, 2017.
- ↑ a b BlumeninSchwaben.de
- ↑ a b c d e f g The International Plant Names Index. [1]