Blunt-edged dog mustache

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Blunt-edged dog mustache
Erucastrum nasturtiifolium sl4.jpg

Blunt-edged dog mustard ( Erucastrum nasturtiifolium )

Systematics
Eurosiden II
Order : Cruciferous (Brassicales)
Family : Cruciferous vegetables (Brassicaceae)
Tribe : Brassiceae
Genre : Hundsrauken ( Erucastrum )
Type : Blunt-edged dog mustache
Scientific name
Erucastrum nasturtiifolium
( Poir. ) OESchulz

The blunt-edged Hundsrauke ( Erucastrum nasturtiifolium ), also Brunnenkressenblättrige Hundsrauke called, is a plant from the genus of erucastrum ( Erucastrum ) within the family of the Brassicaceae (Brassicaceae). It is common in Europe .

description

illustration
Single pinnate leaf
Inflorescence / fruit cluster, the fruit on the left has a bract
Ripe pod with seeds
Seeds

The blunt-edged dog mustard is a hibernating green, annual or biennial (always hapaxanthe plant ) herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 30 to 80 centimeters. The base of the stem is hairy and branched. The leaves are pinnate, with four to eight leaf sections on each side.

The flowering period extends from April to August (in Germany from May to August). The schirmtraubige inflorescence has no or only at the lowest 1 to 3 flowers cover sheets and contains many flowers. The hermaphrodite flowers are fourfold. The four sepals are hairy and stand almost horizontally. The four deep yellow petals are 8 to 13 millimeters long.

The fruit stalks are 8 to 16 millimeters long. The pods are 25 to 50 millimeters long. The fruit beak is 2 to 8 millimeters long and hardly separated from the rest of the fruit, which contains one or two seeds.

The basic chromosome number is x = 8; there are ( degrees of ploidy ) diploid and tretraplodic stocks, i.e. 2n = 16 and 32.

ecology

The blunt-edged dog mustache is a hemicryptophyte or therophyte and half-rosette plant.

From an ecological point of view, these are disc flowers with open nectar . The pollination is done by insects, mainly by bees.

Ripe fruits can be found from June. Diaspores are the seeds. The seeds ripen on Lake Constance before the summer floods and germinate in autumn. The rows of leaf rosettes then show the flood level of the past summer.

Occurrence

The blunt-edged dog mustache is originally a south-western European floral element . The natural range of the subspecies Erucastrum nasturtiifolium subsp. nasturtiifolium extends north to England , northern France and southern Germany , east south of the Alps, Italy to Slovenia and Hungary . It is probably not originally found in Austria and the former Czechoslovakia , the former Yugoslavia , Poland , Romania , Ukraine and the European part of Russia . In Central Europe they are very rarely found on the Upper Rhine , on Lake Constance , on Lake Neuchâtel and Lake Geneva , at the southern foot of the Alps and in the Vienna Basin ; it occurs occasionally in Franconia and in the foothills of the Alps .

The blunt-edged Hundsrauke occurs quite rarely in Germany in the southern Upper Rhine Plain and on Lake Constance ; There are individual finds in central Baden-Württemberg , Allgäu , in the northern Franconian Alb and in the Palatinate . In the Allgäu Alps, it rises on the Hirschberg in Vorarlberg up to 1400 m above sea level. There were finds in northern Thuringia, in Saxony-Anhalt and in North Rhine-Westphalia. It applies to Germany and Baden-Württemberg, it is endangered in Bavaria and unstable in Hamburg.

The blunt-edged Hundsrauke colonizes sandy or gravelly banks of lakes and rivers. In Central Europe, it needs moist, wet, stony, nutrient-rich soils . It is a character species of the Epilobion fleischeri association, but occurs elsewhere, such as on Lake Constance, together with the winter cress ( Barbarea vulgaris ) and the white ostrich grass ( Agrostis stolonifera ) in the Agropyro-Rumicion associations.

The pointer values ​​according to Ellenberg are: light index L8 = half-light to full-light plant, temperature index T6 = moderate warmth to warmth indicator, continental index K2 = oceanic maritime climate, humidity index / humidity change F6u = freshness to humidity indicator as well as flood indicator, reaction figure R8 = weak base indicator to base indicator , Nitrogen number N3 = more frequent on low-nitrogen locations, salt number S0 = not salt bearing, heavy metal resistance = not heavy metal resistant.

Systematics

It was first published in 1797 under the name ( Basionym ) Sinapis nasturtiifolia by Jean Louis Marie Poiret in Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck in Encyclopedie Methodique. Botanique ... , Volume 4, p. 346. The new combination to Erucastrum nasturtiifolium (Poir.) OESchulz was published in 1916 by Otto Eugen Schulz in Botanical Yearbooks for Systematics, Plant History and Plant Geography. Leipzig 54, 3, Beiblätter 119, p. 56 published. The specific epithet nasturtiifolium means watercress-leaved.

Other synonyms for Erucastrum nasturtiifolium (Poir.) OESchulz are: Brassica erucastrum L. , Brassica nasturtiifolia Poir. , Brassica nasturtiifolium Poir. , Brassica obtusangula Bertol. , Brassica obtusangula Rchb. , Erucastrum obtusangulum (Schleich.) Rchb. f. , Hirschfeldia obtusangula (Rchb.) Fritsch , Hirschfeldia obtusangula (Schleich.) Samp. , Sinapis subbipinnatifida Lag.

From nasturtiifolium Erucastrum there are two subspecies:

  • Erucastrum nasturtiifolium (Poir.) OESchulz subsp. nasturtiifolium
  • Erucastrum nasturtiifolium subsp. sudrei Vivant : It occurs only in Spain and France.

literature

  • Otto Schmeil , Jost Fitschen (greeting), Siegmund Seybold : The flora of Germany and the neighboring countries. A book for identifying all wild and frequently cultivated vascular plants. 95th completely revised u. exp. Edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01498-2 .
  • Henning Haeupler , Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany (= the fern and flowering plants of Germany. Volume 2). 2nd, corrected and enlarged edition. Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-8001-4990-2 .
  • Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold , Georg Philippi (Hrsg.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg. Volume 2: Special part (Spermatophyta, subclass Dilleniidae): Hypericaceae to Primulaceae. 2nd expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1993, ISBN 3-8001-3323-7 .
  • Dietmar Aichele, Heinz-Werner Schwegler: The flowering plants of Central Europe. 2nd Edition. Volume 3, Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-440-08048-X .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Profile of the vascular plants of Bavaria of the Botanical Information Node Bavaria .
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g data sheet at BiolFlor of the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany .
  3. ^ Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. Province of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 , p. 711 .
  4. ↑ a b c K. Marhold, 2011: Brassicaceae. : Datasheet In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity .
  5. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 1, IHW, Eching 2001, ISBN 3-930167-50-6 , p. 627.
  6. ↑ Flowers in Swabia .
  7. ↑ Data sheet from Flora von Deutschland - A picture database , Version 2.32 by Michael Hassler and Bernd Schmitt.
  8. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 438.
  9. ↑ Blunt-edged dog mustache. In: FloraWeb.de.
  10. ↑ Data sheet with photos by Günther Blaich
  11. ↑ Erucastrum nasturtiifolium at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed April 24, 2014.
  12. ↑ a b Erucastrum nasturtiifolium in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved April 24, 2014.

Web links

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