Wrong chanterelle
| Wrong chanterelle | ||||||||||||
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False chanterelle ( Hygrophoropsis aurantiaca ) |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Hygrophoropsis aurantiaca | ||||||||||||
| ( Wulfen : Fr. ) Maire |
The false chanterelle ( Hygrophoropsis aurantiaca ) is a mushroom and despite its lamellar hat underside belongs to the order of the thick bolete-like . It got its name because of the similarity to the real chanterelle . Due to the orange-yellow color and the strongly forked lamellae, the mushroom is also called the orange-yellow fork leaf . Other names are orange-brown or common afterleistling . While “orange-brown” also refers to the color spectrum of the fruiting bodies , “common” is used in the sense of “ordinary, normal” because the false chanterelle is the most common species of its genus. The word element “After-” derives from a root with the meaning “after; Behind; according to ”ab and“ Leistling ”describes the ridged hymenophore of young fruiting bodies similar to real chanterelles.
features
Macroscopic features
The 2–7 (–10) cm wide hat has a cushion-like, soon flattening shape. In the end it is deeply deepened to naveled. The long rolled up edge of the hat is striking. The color spectrum ranges from pale yellow to strong orange, with age the fruiting body shows dirty spots and can appear more olive-brown in the middle. The surface is dry and finely felted for a long time, rarely even finely flaky. The lamellas are close together, are forked several times and run down the handle. Young they are plump, later more thin-edged. In contrast to the strips of chanterelles , they can be easily removed from the hat meat. The lamellae are yellow, orange to brick-red in color. The spore powder is white. The 3–7 cm long and 3–8 mm thick stalk is full-bodied and often slightly eccentric. It is roughly the same colors as the hat. The yellowish-white meat is juicy and has an almost cotton-elastic consistency. It smells and tastes inconspicuous, sometimes slightly bitter to pungent.
Microscopic features
The elliptical, colorless and smooth-walled spores have no germ pore. They can be stained with iodine solution (dextrinoid) and cotton blue (cyanophil). Their dimensions are 5-7.5 (-8) × 2.5-5 micrometers. There are no cystides . The transverse walls of the mushroom threads have buckles . The top layer of the hat is made up of lying hyphae .
Species delimitation
Real chanterelles such as the real chanterelle and especially the more orange-tinged velvety chanterelle can look similar to the false chanterelle . The main difference between them is the fruit layer . Chanterelles have ridges instead of slats. Strips resemble veins that are just as wide as they are high, lamellar thin book pages; in addition, the lamellae stand individually, while the ridges are actually protruding wrinkles in the connected fruit layer. Chanterelles also have a firmer, brittle flesh that smells like a mirabelle or apricot and quickly tastes peppery when chewed.
Another possibility of confusion is the ocher-brown funnel ( Infundibulicybe gibba ), which has paler colors and white lamellae - see also the form albida of the false chanterelle with equally white colored lamellae.
The poisonous dark olive tree funnel ( Omphalotus olearius ) and the orange olive tree funnel ( O. illudens ) can also be confused with the false chanterelle. However, the fungus is rarely found in Central Europe, as it prefers warmer regions. There it attacks olive trees, sometimes also oaks or sweet chestnuts.
Within the genus, light-colored forms can be confused with the large- spore after-glutin ( Hygrophoropsis macrospora ) and the scaly after-glutin ( H. fuscosquamula ). Both species differ in their somewhat longer spores and the structure of the hat cover layer as a trichoderm (at least in the middle), which in the latter is visible through a finely scaled middle of the hat. Both types are quite rare and little known.
The brown after-skin ( H. rufa ) differs through more brown hat and stem colors and smaller spores.
ecology
The false chanterelle can be found mainly in coniferous forests and heaths, rarely in pure deciduous forests on nutrient-poor, acidic or at least superficially acidic soils. There it grows socially, also in witch rings in the litter, between sticks, around anthills and even on burns. Sometimes the fruit bodies also sprout directly from coniferous stumps, wood residues or buried cones. In his mushroom compendium, Erhard Ludwig mentions a find from southern Sweden on a Baltic sand dune between beach grass . The false chanterelle fructifies from August to December, especially after dry summers.
meaning
The false chanterelle is generally considered edible, but is not recommended as an edible mushroom because it has a poor taste value. In addition, it is not tolerated by some people when consumed in large quantities. In those affected, it causes gastrointestinal complaints, the intensity of which is mostly weak.
Systematics
Varieties and forms
There are a number of varieties in the literature, but their value is controversial. A large number are attributed to location-dependent forms. Below is a selection:
- H. aurantiaca f. albida gillet
Differs from the type variety only in the white lamellae. The spore size is identical.
- H. aurantiaca var. Atrotomentosa Jaccottet
The very strong fruiting bodies reach a hat diameter of up to 10 cm, have a dark brown colored hat and stem and rich orange-red lamellae. The top layer of the hat has a shaggy structure.
- H. aurantiaca var. Lactea (Quélet) Rea
The fruit bodies are colored white in all parts.
- H. aurantiaca f. nigripes trough
Corresponds to the type variety except for the slowly blackening stem base.
swell
literature
- Ewald Gerhardt: FSVO manual mushrooms . 3. Edition. BLV, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-405-14737-9 , p. 337 (one-volume new edition of the BLV intensive guide mushrooms 1 and 2).
- Ewald Gerhardt: Mushrooms. Determine accurately with the 3-check . 3rd revised edition. BLV, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-405-16128-2 , p. 80 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Fredi Kasparek: Falscher Pfifferling, Common Afterleistling, Orangebrouner Afterleistling - Hygrophoropsis aurantiaca (WULFEN 1781: FR. 1821) MAIRE 1929. In: Natur-in-NRW.de. Retrieved March 25, 2012 .
- ↑ Etymology. Dictionary of origin of the German language . In: Dudenredaktion (ed.): Duden . 2nd revised edition. tape 7 . Bibliographisches Institut, Mannheim 1997, p. 23 .
- ↑ a b c d e f g Erhard Ludwig: Descriptions. The smaller genera of macromycetes with a lamellar hymenophore from the orders Agaricales, Boletales and Polyporales . In: Mushroom Compendium . tape 1 . IHW, Eching 2001, ISBN 3-930167-43-3 .
- ↑ a b Andreas Gminder: Hygrophoropsis . In: Gminder, Andreas., Krieglsteiner, German J., Kaiser, Armin (eds.): Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . tape 3 . Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3536-1 , p. 273 .
- ↑ H. fuscosquamula. In: boletales.com. Retrieved May 10, 2020 .
- ↑ Derek Agutter Reid: Fungorum rariorum Icones coloratae . tape 6 . Cramer, Studium 1972, ISBN 3-7682-0412-X , p. 5 .
- ^ Bettina Haberl, Johann J. Kleber, Thomas Zilker: Falscher Pfifferling (Hygrophoropsis aurantiaca). 2000, accessed March 24, 2012 .
Web links
- Frank Moser: False Chanterelle (Hygrophoropsis aurantiaca). In: Natur-Lexikon.com. Retrieved March 25, 2012 .
- "Le Schtroumpf mycologue": Hygrophoropsis aurantiaca f. albida / Clitocybe orange, form blanche. In: Flickr.com. November 2, 2010, accessed March 25, 2012 .