Ibb (Yemen)
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إب Ibb |
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| Coordinates | 13 ° 58 ′ N , 44 ° 10 ′ E | ||
| Basic data | |||
| Country | Yemen | ||
| Ibb | |||
| ISO 3166-2 | YE-IB | ||
| height | 1850 m | ||
| Residents | 147,514 (2003) | ||
 View over the city
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Ibb (also Abb , Arabic إب) is a city in the Ibb Governorate of the same name in southwest Yemen . The city is a major regional shopping center.
According to calculations from 2012, the city has over 330,000 inhabitants, in 1994 there should have been around 100,000, in 2003 almost 150,000 citizens were officially recorded. As the trading activities have moved to the new town due to rapid population growth, the souks in the old town have sunk into insignificance.
history
It is believed that Ibb was founded during the reign of the ancient South Arabian kings of Himyar (around the 1st century BC to AD 570). Its original name with Thogha is passed down . The first documents on the existence of the village date from the 10th century, although it was of early economic importance because it was along a caravan route between Sanaa and Aden . Because the Islamic pilgrimage routes also passed through Ibb, the city soon secured the reputation of a trading center with an excellent supply character. The development was favored by the fact that Ibb is located in an area with high rainfall by Yemeni standards.
Even before the country was divided into the Ottoman north and the British structured south, Ibb became the seat of the local main court for the old Ta'izz province and became its administrative capital ( qaḑā ). In the 1930s Ibb became the capital of a newly created province ( liwā ).
Converted Jewish traders, craftsmen and silversmiths had settled in the city since the first half of the 6th century . Often they were expelled, but also repeatedly brought back. They left the country for good as part of Operation Magic Carpet (1949/50). Their abandoned residential areas can still be visited in Ibb today.
City and surroundings
Ibb is characterized by the typical Jemen architecture of the highlands, four-story construction using hewn natural stones. From the first floor, the facades are designed with six rectangular and up to 20 semicircular stained glass windows (Qamariya) . Lattice friezes can be found below the edge of the roof.
The Friday mosque in Ibb was built from sun-dried mud bricks. The walls are stuck in. The inner courtyard ( sahn ) is open and uncovered, surrounded by colonnades ( riwaq ).
The city is framed by mountains, with the summit of Jebel Rabi providing a good view of the city. Not far is the historically significant city of Djibla , known as the seat of government and residence of the Sulaihid queen Arwa bint Ahmad .
climate
The city is located in the so-called Green Yemen , a very rainy and therefore at the same time the most fertile region of southern Arabia. With a peak of up to 1500 mm of precipitation, more than twice as much precipitation falls in the Ibb region than in Germany, 90% of which fall within the half-year between April and September.
Protests in Yemen
During the protests in Yemen in 2011 , Ibb became a smaller center of resistance in Yemen against the authorities.
Despite the US drone attacks on the Yemeni al-Qaida offshoot, the latter succeeded in capturing the provincial capital Ibb and areas to the west of it in 2014. Almost 50 people died in an explosives attack in the city in January 2015. The suicide attack was part of a Shiite memorial ceremony.
City personalities
- Abdul Rahman al-Iriani was born in Ibb and was head of state of the Yemeni Arab Republic from November 1967 to June 1974.
- Amal al-Sadah , the favorite wife of the late terrorist leader Osama bin Laden , also comes from Ibb .
literature
- Salma Samar Damluij: The Valley of Mudbrick Architecture: Shibam, Tarim & Wadi Hadramaut -Reading, 1992
- Volker Höhfeld : Cities and urban growth in the Middle East - comparative case studies on the regional differentiation of recent urban development processes in the oriental-Islamic culture; Wiesbaden 2005 (= supplement to the Tübingen Atlas of the Middle East, Series B, No. 61)
- Gerd Simper, Petra Brixel: Yemen. Reise-Know-How, Bielefeld 2002, ISBN 3-921497-09-4 .
- Peter Wald: Harmony of settlement and landscape. In: Werner Daum: Yemen. Umschau, Frankfurt am Main 1987, ISBN 3-7016-2251-5 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Horst Kopp (editor), Yemen geography (2005), Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, Wiesbaden, p. 91 (Population figures of Yemeni provincial capitals 2003, calculation by World Gezatteer)
- ^ Daniel McLaughlin: Yemen: the Bradt travel guide.
- ↑ Aharon Layish, Ron Shaham: Law, custom, and statute in the Muslim world: studies in honor of Aharon Layish.
- ↑ Horst Kopp (editor), Yemen geography (2005), Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag Wiesbaden, p. 50
- ↑ Peter Wald: Harmony of Settlement and Landscape. P. 389.
- ↑ Syed Ahmad Iskandar Syed Ariffin: Architectural Conservation in Islam: Case Study of the Prophet's Mosque.
- ↑ Gerhard Heck, Manfred Wöbcke: Arabian Peninsula.
- ↑ Almost 50 dead in attack on Shiites. In: zeit.de . February 2, 2016, accessed February 2, 2016 .
- ↑ Bin Laden's favorite woman is in bad shape blick.ch accessed on July 8, 2012