Ichtiman
| Ichtiman (Ихтиман) | |||||
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| Basic data | |||||
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| State : |
 Bulgaria
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| Oblast : | Sofia | ||||
| Residents : | 12,833 (December 31, 2016) | ||||
| Coordinates : | 42 ° 26 ' N , 23 ° 49' E | ||||
| Height : | 658 m | ||||
| Postal code : | 2050 | ||||
| Telephone code : | (+359) 0724 | ||||
| License plate : | CO | ||||
| administration | |||||
| Mayor : | Margarita Petkov | ||||
| Ruling party : | Bulgarian Socialist Party | ||||
| Website : | ihtiman-obshtina.com | ||||
Ichtiman (also written Ihtiman , Bulgarian Ихтиман ) is a city in Bulgaria , in the Sofia Oblast . It is the administrative center of the Ichtiman municipality of the same name. Ichtiman is located 50 kilometers southeast of Sofia and 100 kilometers northwest of Plovdiv . It is 40 km to the resort of Borovets in the Rila Mountains.
A Bulgarian dialect is spoken in the region (Ichtiman Plain - along the Mariza river - to Pazardzhik ) , which belongs to the northern group of the south-western Bulgarian dialects.
geography
Ichtiman is located in southwest Bulgaria, in a basin in the Ichitman Sredna Gora . The Ichtimankessel has an average height of 650 m above sea level. The valley basin is bordered to the north by the Ichitmaner Sredna Gora ( Wakarel Mountains , Belischka Mountains), in the south of the basin lie the northern slopes of the "Septemwrijski rid" - a ridge that extends over from the city of Septemwri, 35 km further south-east . The highest peak in the region is at 1186 m (according to other sources 1181 m) the summit Benkowski (Bulgarian връх Бенковски ) formerly the peak Eledschik (Bulgarian връх Еледжик ), which lies in the east of the basin. The Nadezhda mountain hut (Bulgarian Хижа Надежда ; 42 ° 24 ′ 47 ″ N , 23 ° 55 ′ 21 ″ E ) is the starting point for hikes to the Benkowski summit - a very steep path leads to the summit in 20 minutes, another path in 50 minutes .
The Awtomagistrala A1 “Trakija” passes in the immediate vicinity of Ichtiman, as does the Sofia - Plovdiv - Svilengrad railway line .
The climate is temperate continental.
population
Population development
| 1884 | 1887 | 1900 | 1910 | 1934 | 1945 | 1956 | 1965 | 1975 | 1980 | 2009 |
| 3,221 | 3,462 | 4,365 | 5,401 | 5,687 | 6,526 | 9,063 | 10,317 | 11,482 | 12,265 | 13,750 |
religion
Traditionally, the majority of the residents of Ichtiman, including the Roma, are of the Bulgarian Orthodox faith. There is a small percentage of Bulgarians of Turkish origin in Ichtiman, they are of Muslim faith. Some families are Protestants and Catholics.
history
Around the 5th century BC BC the region around Ichtiman belonged to the Thracian kingdom of the Odrysen .
Later the city was named Stipon (from Latin stipo for "densely packed or populated"; Latin stipator - plural - means "caravan, guard"). The settlement used to be a Roman guardian station on the important Via militaris Roman road that led to Constantinople . The way station was named mansio Helice .
It was also a guard station in the Byzantine Empire and the Second Bulgarian Empire . The Bulgarians then moved the focus of their defense to the better defendable Trajantor mountain pass ( Bulgar . Траянови врата ), which is 12 km southeast.
After the conquest by the Ottoman Empire , the name of the city was changed several times until it was given the current name Ichtiman. It is believed that he has Turkish roots.
According to a legend, an Ottoman pasha is said to have seen the fog-shrouded valley basin when conquering the city and said "I taman" (Turkish for: "What a mist"). However, in modern Turkish language, pus or sis are the words for fog .
Other possible explanations for the name Ichtiman are:
- From the Bulgarian name for the Bulgarian national holiday Peltljowden (Bulgarian Петльовден ), which is also known as Ichtim or Ichtima . This day is also a day of remembrance for the Patriarch Evtimi . A derivation of Ewtimi via Iwtim, Ichtim and Ichtima is also discussed.
- The Turkish word ihtiman means effort, care that was required in the Ottoman occupation of the city.
- The Turkish word ihaman is a combination of ih and aman and is an exclamation of amazement when people passing through became aware of the thick fog in the city.
- The Russian ich tuman (Russian их туман ) - oh, this fog could also explain the name of Ichtiman.
According to information from an Ottoman tax register ( Tımar register) from 1515, with information on the assets and population in the city of Plovdiv and its surrounding villages, there is a migration of the population from Ichtiman to the Plovdiv region. Under the entry for the village of Kochach (today Kotschewo - Bulgar. Кочево - in the Plovdiv Oblast), the aforementioned tax register also shows a certain "Mustafa - son of an Ichtiman" as a resident of the village, which is a direct reference to the existence of Ichtiman in the first half of the 16th century is. It can also be concluded from this that not only Christians but also Muslims lived in Ichtiman.
In the course of the "Russo-Turkish War of Liberation" of 1877/78, the Ottoman-Turkish rule over the city formally ended. After the Berlin Congress , however, Ichtiman was again part of the Ottoman Empire and incorporated into the autonomous province of Eastern Rumelia until its unification (1885) with the Principality of Bulgaria .
The city has given its name to the Ihtiman Hook , a headland on Livingston Island in Antarctica , since 2009 .
economy
During the period of “socialism” in the VR Bulgaria , the “Electrode Works” and the “Cast Iron Combine” were built in the vicinity of Ichtiman, which formed the backbone of the economy in the region.
The "cast iron combine" is now the "cast iron foundry AG" (Bulgarian "Чугунолеене" АД ). In 2002 two automatic casting lines were set up there by a German company. The company exports to Denmark, Germany, France, Great Britain and Italy, among others.
In recent years, many companies have moved from the capital Sofia, partly because of the relatively expensive labor and higher rents, and have settled in Ichtiman.
In Ichtiman there are, among other things, a few sewing factories, a weaving mill for "Rhodopen blankets", a few grocery stores and a cosmetics factory.
The Sofia - Plovdiv railway line is only 2 km from Ichtiman. An industrial area has settled on the four-lane road to the train station (2 km southwest of the center; 42 ° 25 ′ 47 ″ N , 23 ° 47 ′ 57 ″ E ).
Culture
Museums
There is a historical museum in Ichtiman. It is located in the city center, opposite the municipality administration building. The entrance is free, it is closed on Saturday and Sunday.
In the city's old Turkish bath, also in the city center - near the bus station in the Police Territory Administration building, there is a gallery that exhibits paintings, graphics, ceramics and wood carvings by local artists.
Regular events
Every year on Todorovden (a religious holiday during Lent; bulg. Тодоровден ) horse breeders from all over Bulgaria gather in Ichtiman to demonstrate their horses and their riding skills. Many people from the surrounding area also come to this meeting to see the horse parade that is taking place. One of the competition disciplines after the parade is pulling a horse-drawn wagon full of wood. The car is loaded with approx. 4 m³ of firewood (approx. 2 t weight). The participants one by one harness their horse to this carriage. The winner is whoever covers the greatest distance with it, the horse with the greatest pulling power in this logging competition. The winner receives the wood load.
Every year on August 15 is the city's public holiday, which lasts for two days. A market is held and carousels are set up. A concert (folklore, hits, rock and pop) takes place on a stage in the evening.
Every Saturday from 7 a.m. to 1 p.m. is market day in Ichtiman.
Since 2006 the Spring Days of Culture have been taking place in Ichtiman at the end of May.
Twin town
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Klimovsk (Russia)
Individual evidence
- ↑ based on a copy of a document in the Turkish State Archives in Istanbul (shelf mark: BOA TD 77 - Mufassal defteri Filibe), which is in the National Library of Saints Cyril and Method in Sofia; BOA stands for "Basbakanlik Osmanli Arsivi"; TD stands for "Tapu Tahrir Defterleri"
- ↑ ibid; Pages 712-713
