Ignazio Busca

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Ignazio Cardinal Busca

Ignazio Busca (born August 31, 1731 in Milan , † August 12, 1803 in Rome ) was an Italian cardinal and cardinal secretary of state of the Roman Catholic Church . His attitude towards the French Revolution led to the first French occupation of the papal state in 1796.

Life

Until the ordination

Ignazio Busca, son of an aristocratic Milanese family, studied civil and canon law at La Sapienza University in Rome. In 1759 he became a consultant for the Apostolic Signature . At the beginning of 1760 he became governor of Rieti, from 1764 to 1766 he held the same position in Fabiano. Pope Clement XIII. awarded him the title of papal house prelate in 1767 . In August 1775 he first became a subdeacon and was finally ordained a priest .

Time as Apostolic Nuncio and Governor of Rome

Pope Pius VI appointed Busca on September 11, 1775 titular Archbishop of Hemesa . He was ordained episcopate six days later by Cardinal Henry Benedict Stuart ; Co-consecrators were Francesco Maria Piccolomini and Stefano Evodio Assemani . In September 1775 he became apostolic nuncio in Flanders. In 1781, Emperor Joseph II issued an edict according to which the nunciature immediately fell under the jurisdiction of the Dukes of Limburg and Luxembourg. Busca informed the Pope of the decision but did not protest. In addition, he was appointed Vicar Apostolic of the Dutch Mission. At first he showed diplomatic skills, but underestimated the importance of Jansenism in Holland and Flanders. In 1785 he returned to the Vatican as governor of Rome. It was an office that Busca liked very much personally, as he was considered an expert in the internal administration of the Papal States. He exercised it until he was cardinal.

Cardinal and Cardinal Secretary of State

In the consistory of March 30, 1789, Pius VI. him as cardinal priest of Santa Maria della Pace in the College of Cardinals . Cardinal Busca then became protector of several churches, monasteries and universities in Italy. From 1791 to 1792 he was chamberlain to the College of Cardinals. In December 1795 he was assigned the titular church of Santa Maria degli Angeli . In August 1796 he became cardinal secretary of state. Like Pius VI. Cardinal Busca uncompromisingly rejected the ideas of the French Revolution. His hostile policies, however, ensured that the French occupied the Papal States. He therefore tried to make an alliance with Emperor Joseph II, but in vain. The occupation could only be ended in March 1797 with the Treaty of Tolentino , which demanded many territorial assignments from the Pope and which his Secretary of State strongly criticized. So he tried in vain to avert the crumbling structure of the papal state. Busca, who felt responsible for what had happened, then offered the Pope to resign. Pius VI initially refused, but Cardinal Busca again submitted a resignation, which the Pope finally accepted. With Giuseppe Maria Doria Pamphilj a successor was appointed who had more diplomatic sensitivity towards France than Busca.

Late years and death

After his resignation in March 1797, Busca's influence declined. In 1798 France reoccupied Rome and proclaimed the Roman Republic . Cardinal Busca first had to flee to the Kingdom of Naples and then to Palermo, and his library holdings were transferred to France. After the death of Pius VI. In August 1799, he traveled to Venice from 1799 to 1800 at the conclave participate in which Pius VII. was chosen. In 1800 he returned to Rome and was instrumental in the reorganization of the Vatican congregations and in the rebuilding of the church state administration. He died three years later in Rome and was buried in his titular church, Santa Maria degli Angeli .

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predecessor Office successor
Francesco Saverio de Zelada Cardinal Secretary of State
1796–1797 		Giuseppe Maria Doria Pamphilj
personal data
SURNAME Busca, Ignazio
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Italian cardinal and cardinal secretary of state of the Roman Catholic Church
DATE OF BIRTH August 31, 1731
PLACE OF BIRTH Milan
DATE OF DEATH August 12, 1803
Place of death Rome