Imrich Kružliak

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Imrich Kružliak (born December 8, 1914 in Detva , Austria-Hungary (now Slovakia ); † February 1, 2019 in Unterhaching near Munich ; pseudonyms Marian Žiar and Anton Prokop ) was an important figure in post-war Slovak exile . Kružliak was a politician , publicist , writer , historian , translator and exile worker.

biography

Imrich Kružliak was born in the Austro-Hungarian Detva (in today's Slovakia), where he first attended elementary school. Later he went to elementary school in Banská Bystrica and then attended a grammar school in Kláštor pod Znievom . During his studies in Bratislava he was active as a student leader in several Catholic societies. He was first secretary, later deputy chairman of the Slovak Catholic Student Center and from 1938 literary secretary of the Slovak League. In 1940 he completed his university studies at the Philosophical Faculty of the Comenius University (course "Ancient History and Historical Auxiliary Sciences") and received the title PhDr.

From 1940 to 1943 he was head of the Slovak press office, then editor of the magazines Bojovník and Národná noviny . During the time of the Slovak war state he worked in its top organs. He was the head of the press office in the propaganda office and a senior HSLS official. After the Second World War, the Catholic movement was part of the Democratic Party, for which Imrich Kružliak served as election officer in 1946. From 1946 to 1947 he was secretary to the chief of staff responsible for nutrition and supply in the Slovak National Council (SNR).

In 1949 Imrich Kružliak emigrated from Slovakia before the communist totalitarian regime, first to Austria (1949 to 1951), later to Germany (1951), and joined the anti-communist resistance in the White Legion. In Munich he headed the cultural section of the radio station Free Europe for several decades . In 1972 he became editor-in-chief of the magazine Horizont and in 1987 president of the Association of Slovak Writers and Artists Abroad.

Since the revolution of 1989 he lived alternately in Bratislava and Munich. He campaigned for the creation of an independent democratic Slovak Republic and, after its establishment, was advisor to the President of the Slovak Republic, Michal Kováč .

Kružliak died on February 2, 2019 in Unterhaching. He was 104 years old.

Membership in associations

Imrich Kružliak was among other things honorary chairman of the Association of Slovak Writers and Artists Abroad, Chairman of the Cultural Committee of the World Congress of Slovaks, member of the Slovak Institute, member of the PEN Center for Writers in Exile and from 1992 to 1995 member of the Presidium of Matice slovenskej.

plant

Before emigrating, Imrich Kružliak published articles, translations and reviews in several Slovak magazines (including Rozvoj ("Development"), Elán ("Elan"), Kultúra ("Culture"), Slovák ("Slovak"), Slovenská pravda ("Slovak Truth ”), Národné noviny (“ National Newspaper ”), Napred (“ Advance ”), Katolícke noviny (“ Catholic Newspaper ”) and Verbum ). Later reflections and commentaries appeared in several exile journals (including Most ("Bridge"), Rozhľady ("Spaces"), Proměny ("Transformations"), Slovák v Amerike ("Slovaks in America"), Jednota ("Unity") , Slobodné Slovensko (“Free Slovakia”), Hlasy z Ríma (“Voices from Rome”), Literárny almanach Slováka v Amerike (“Literary Almanac of the Slovak Republic”) and Horizont (“Horizont”).

Imrich Kružliak published his first literary work with the volume of poetry Modlitby v putách ("Prayer in Handcuffs") in 1955 in Munich. Even after the 1989 revolution, he continued to publish literary and journalistic articles in various Slovak-language journals and magazines.

Publications (selection)

  • 1955: Modlitby v putách (Prayers in Shackles) , translated by Valentín Berko
  • 1956: Chlieb a sloboda
  • 1957: Podaj nám ruku, Európa , a collection of translations of Hungarian, Polish and Russian poetry
  • 1972: Rekviem za maliara
  • 1974: Piesne a smútky
  • 1975: Živé stopy
  • 1990: V čakárni dejín
  • 1994: Starý národ, mladý štát
  • 1999: V čakárni dejín: Obrazy slovenských osudov
  • 2004: Viera a vzdor v slovenských dejinách
  • 2004: Úteky z tiesne. V tôni dvoch totalít , an autobiography

Secondary literature on Imrich Kružliak

  • 1967: František Vnuk : Predstavitelia slovenskej kultúrnej tvorby. (In: Literárny almanach Slováka v Amerike )
  • 1974: M. Žiar: Piesne a smútky (Rome)
  • 1990/1991: J. Hvisč: Imrich Kružliak (Slovenský jazyk a literatúra v škole č. 10)
  • 1992: Biografické štúdie 19 (Martin)
  • 1997: P. Cabadaj: Pošlem domov srdca kúsok. Výber zo slovenskej exilovej poézie (Martin)

Awards

  • 1994: Honorary citizenship of Detva
  • 1995: Rad Ľudovíta Štúra class I
  • 1996: Cyrilometodská Medal (awarded in Dulliken)
  • 2013: Matice Slovak Award for Lifelong Activity for the Benefit of the Nation

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ A famous poet, translator and historian died at the age of 104. TASR, accessed February 10, 2019 (Slovak).
  2. ↑ a b Imrich Kružliak. Literárne Informačné Centrum, accessed on February 10, 2019 (Slovak).
  3. ↑ Imrich Kruzliak. Univerzita Komenského v Bratislave, accessed on February 10, 2019 (Slovak).
  4. ^ Prize for the peaceful partition of Czechoslovakia. In: pravda.sk. Pravda, August 3, 2013, accessed February 11, 2019 (Slovak).
personal data
SURNAME Kružliak, Imrich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Žiar, Marian (pseudonym); Prokop, Anton (pseudonym)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Slovak politician, publicist, writer, historian, translator and exile worker
DATE OF BIRTH December 8, 1914
PLACE OF BIRTH Detva , Austria-Hungary
DATE OF DEATH 1st February 2019
Place of death Unterhaching near Munich