Inés Peraza de las Casas

Inés Peraza de las Casas (* 1424 in Seville , Kingdom of Seville ; † February 1503 Sevilla) was mistress of the dominion of the Crown of Castile belonging Canary Islands .

origin

Inés Peraza de las Casas came from an upper class family in Seville . Her father was Hernán Peraza Martel (Hernán Peraza el Viejo). He held various military and civil offices in the Kingdom of Seville . A. he was temporarily in command of the Castillo de Matrera . Since 1437 he was co-governor of his father-in-law Juan de las Casas on the island of La Gomera . Her mother Inés de las Casas came from a family that was one of the most important in the local oligarchy of Seville. Inés Peraza de las Casas' brother, Guillén Peraza de las Casas , was probably killed in fighting on the island of La Palma in 1446 . Inés Peraza de las Casas was married to Diego García de Herrera y Ayala since 1448, a son of Pedro García de Herrera, Marshal of Castile. Before his time in the Canary Islands, Diego García de Herrera held various offices in Andalusia . In 1453 he was regidor in Seville.

Rights to the Canary Islands

The rights to conquer, own and rule the Canary Islands had been transferred several times to different owners at the beginning of the 15th century. Through purchase and inheritance, Hernán Peraza el Viejo, the father Inés Peraza de las Casas, her brother Guillén Peraza de las Casas and they themselves owned all rights to all of the Canary Islands. In practice, however, the rule only extended to the islands of Lanzarote , Fuerteventura , El Hierro and parts of La Gomera . After the death of her brother and father in 1452, Inés Peraza de las Casas inherited their shares and, as was customary at the time, became, together with her husband, owner of the rights to the Canary Islands and master of the conquered islands. Because of the uncertainty of the conditions on the islands, she and her family only moved to Lanzarote in 1454 to live there.

Exercise of dominion over the islands

Portuguese attacks on the rule

The kings of Castile recognized the rights of Inés Perazas and her husband to the Canary Islands in principle. The representatives of the kings of Portugal tried again and again to annex the islands to the Kingdom of Portugal. Much of these attempts came before the ownership of the islands was transferred to Inés Peraza. But they lasted until the conclusion of the Treaty of Alcáçovas in 1479.

Lanzarote

After Maciot de Béthencourt had leased the island of Lanzarote to Heinrich the Navigator in 1448, he immediately tried to take possession of it. The citizens of Lanzarote, Castilians and indigenous people, prevented this with a revolt against the foreign occupation and expelled the Portuguese from the island in 1450.

La Gomera

On the island of La Gomera, Inés de Peraza's father, Hernán Peraza (the elder) succeeded in gaining the friendship of one of the rulers of the indigenous people of La Gomera. The other tribes of the island made a pact with Prince Henry of Portugal . In 1454, the Portuguese King Edward ordered his brother not to interfere further in the affairs of the islands of Lanzarote and La Gomera. The influence of the Portuguese on part of the population of La Gomera continued, however.

Gran Canaria

In the years 1457-1459, Inés Peraza de las Casas's husband, Diego García de Herrera, had the Fortaleza de Gando built on the island of Gran Canaria. It was a base to protect economic contacts. In 1459 Portuguese troops under the command of Diego de Silva y Meneses (he was the brother of Saint Beatrix da Silva Meneses and Blessed Amadeo da Silva) attacked the tower of Gando. Between 1459 and 1463, Diego de Silva remained lord of the defenses of Gando. On June 10, 1461 the Portuguese king called Alfonso V Diego de Silva to return the fortress Gando. Instead of complying with the king's request, he made his vassal oath as the fortress commander of Gando to the rightful owners Diego García de Herrera and Inés Peraza de Ayala in September 1462 and married their daughter María de Ayala. On August 12, 1461, Diego de Herrera took control of Gran Canaria again in a symbolic ceremony in the presence of the Guanartemes of Telde and Gáldar. He was accompanied by Bishop Diego López de Illescas and an interpreter. Diego de Silva began in 1465 on behalf of Diego García de Herrera and Inés Peraza de Ayala in the area of Telde with the construction of a fortified tower and a chapel and a warehouse for trade in the immediate vicinity of the fortifications of Gando. This happened with the acquiescence of the Guanarteme of Telde.

Resistance of the population

Even before Inés Peraza de Ayala and Diego García de Herrera took over the islands, the residents and representatives of the church complained more often to the kings of Castile about the behavior of the local rulers. During the years of the rule of the Peraza family the discontent of the population increased. The allegations related to excessive taxation of both indigenous people and new settlers and the sale of indigenous people in the slave markets of Europe. In order to better fight the resistance movement on La Gomera, Inés Peraza de Ayala and Diego García de Herrera handed over the administration of the island to their son Hernán Peraza in 1477 . He immediately took military action against the Mulagua tribe, which was allied with the Portuguese. As a punitive action, he ordered the capture of 100 Christianized Gomeros, which were sold in Andalusia. Many inhabitants of the islands that were under the rule of the Peraza family tried to emigrate there after the conquest of Gran Canaria. On January 5, 1484, the Queen and King of Castile forbade the citizens of Islas de Señorio to leave for Gran Canaria, as this caused lasting damage to the economy of the small islands. On November 20, 1488, Hernán Peraza, the son of Inés Peraza de las Casas, was killed by the indigenous people of Gomera because of his despotic and cruel behavior.

Division of the Canary Islands

Transfer of the rights to the Islas de Realengo

On November 16, 1476, Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand commissioned lawyers to prepare an expert report on the legal situation in relation to the Canary Islands. They established that Diego García de Herrera y Ayala and his wife Inés Peraza de las Casas were entitled to property and rule rights over the four islands of Lanzarote, Fuerteventura, La Gomera and El Hierro and that they also had the rights to conquer the islands Gran Canaria and Tenerife and La Palma would have. They indicated that the Peraza family had already invested a lot of labor and expense in the submission. Then Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand negotiated with Diego García de Herrera and Inés Peraza about the conquest rights to the islands of Gran Canaria, La Palma and Tenerife. On October 15, 1477 an agreement was reached in which it was stipulated that Diego García de Herrera and Inés Peraza waived their rights to conquer these islands in exchange for compensation. Your property rights and sovereignty over the other Canary Islands were expressly confirmed. In the following years, the Canary Islands were differentiated into the islands that were conquered and ruled by the feudal lords, the Islas de Señorío and the islands that were directly under the kings of Castile, the Islas de Realengo .

Transfer of the rights to the Islas de Señorío

Diego García de Herrera and Inés Peraza made a number of orders over the course of their lives regarding possession and rule over the Canary Islands. Some of these were canceled or changed. The transfer of the rights to the island of El Hierro to the eldest son Pedro García de Herrera on the occasion of his marriage to Antonia de Ribera on January 20, 1475 was revoked after his conviction for killing his wife. Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand named Hernán Peraza as masters of the island of La Gomera in a letter dated May 26, 1478. On May 30, 1478, Inés Peraza de las Casas formally transferred the rights of use to the island of La Gomera to her son Hernán Peraza. In a document issued on June 28, 1486, Inés Peraza de las Casas gave him the rights to the island of El Hierro, which the eldest son had been deprived of. On February 15, 1488 Inés Peraza declared her son Hernán Peraza to be the exclusive beneficiary of the islands of Lanzarote, El Hierro, La Gomera and Fuerteventura. Inés Peraza de las Casas was opposed to her daughter-in-law Beatriz de Bobadilla from the start. The aversion was increased when she took control of El Hierro and La Gomera in the name of her children after the death of her husband and did not take her mother-in-law's advice. Inés Peraza de las Casas tried to reverse the 1488 transfer of the rights to all Islas de Señorio to her son. Beatriz de Bobadilla then went to Santa Fe and on May 8, 1492 obtained confirmation of the Mayorazgos on all Canary Islands for her children from Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand . Nevertheless, Inés Peraza de las Casas donated the islands of Lanzarote and Fuerteventura to her children Sancho de Herrera, María de Ayala and Constanza Sarmiento. Her will contained the regulation that her younger children should receive the islands of Lanzarote and Fuerteventura in different proportions. When Inés Peraza de las Casas died in February 1503, Alonso Fernández de Lugo , the second husband of Beatriz de Bobadilla, citing the Mayorazgo established in 1488 , hurried to occupy the islands of Lanzarote and Fuerteventura on behalf of his stepchildren. With a number of soldiers he came to the island of Fuerteventura to symbolically take possession there. In Lanzarote, however, the population was hostile to him, so he refrained from using force to enforce his claims. According to the will, the islands of Lanzarote and Fuerteventura passed in different proportions to Inés Peraza's younger children and their heirs.

progeny

1. Pedro García de Herrera

∞ Antonia de Ribera

∞ Maria Lasso de la Vega

Pedro García Cabrera was sentenced to death for the murder of his first wife Antonia de Ribera, but was pardoned in 1494. He was disinherited from his parents.

2. Hernán Peraza (the younger), first lord of La Gomera and El Hierro

∞ Beatriz de Bobadilla, descendants from this marriage

1. Inés de Herrera ∞ Pedro Fernández de Lugo Xuárez (son of Alonso Fernández de Lugo)

2. Guillén Peraza de Ayala, 1st Count of La Gomera

3. Sancho de Herrera, first lord of Lanzarote

∞ Violante de Cervantes

Sancho de Herrera had the daughter from an extramarital relationship

Constanza Sarmiento (the younger)

4. María de Ayala ∞ Diego de Silva y Meneses, first Count of Portalegre, was a descendant of this marriage

Juan de Silva, second count of Portalegre

5. Constanza Sarmiento (the elder), first mistress of Fuerteventura

∞ Pedro Fernández de Saavedra, first lord of Fuerteventura, was a son from this marriage

Fernando Arias de Saavedra y Sarmiento, second lord of Fuerteventura

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Juan Álvarez Delgado: Primera conquista y cristianización de La Gomera . In: Anuario de estudios . No. 6 , 1960, ISSN  0570-4065 , p. 491 (Spanish, [1] [accessed August 25, 2017]).
2. ↑ Antonio Rumeu de Armas: El señorío de Fuerteventura en el siglo XVI . In: Anuario de estudios atlánticos . No. 32 , 1986, pp. 27 (Spanish, [2] [accessed June 20, 2016]).
3. ↑ Alejandro Cioranescu: Una amiga de Cristóbal Colón, Doña Beatriz de Bobadilla . Confederación de Cajas de Ahorros, Santa Cruz de Tenerife 1989, ISBN 84-505-8354-3 , p. 61 (Spanish).
4. ↑ Miguel Angel Ladero Quesada: Los señores de Canarias en su contexto Sevillano (1403-1477) . In: Anuario de estudios atlánticos . No. 23 , 1977, ISSN  0570-4065 , pp. 143 (Spanish, [3] [accessed August 30, 2017]).
5. ↑ Juan Álvarez Delgado: Primera conquista y cristianización de La Gomera . In: Anuario de estudios . No. 6 , 1960, ISSN  0570-4065 , p. 485 (Spanish, [4] [accessed August 25, 2017]).
6. ↑ Miguel Angel Ladero Quesada: Los señores de Canarias en su contexto Sevillano (1403–1477) . In: Anuario de estudios atlánticos . No. 23 , 1977, ISSN  0570-4065 , pp. 135 (Spanish, [5] [accessed August 30, 2017]).
7. ↑ Juan Álvarez Delgado: Primera conquista y cristianización de La Gomera . In: Anuario de estudios . No. 6 , 1960, ISSN  0570-4065 , p. 487 (Spanish, [6] [accessed August 25, 2017]).
8. ↑ Juan Álvarez Delgado: Primera conquista y cristianización de La Gomera . In: Anuario de estudios . No. 6 , 1960, ISSN  0570-4065 , p. 492 (Spanish, [7] [accessed on 25 August 2017]).
9. ↑ Miguel Angel Ladero Quesada: Los señores de Canarias en su contexto Sevillano (1403-1477) . In: Anuario de estudios atlánticos . No. 23 , 1977, ISSN  0570-4065 , pp. 146 (Spanish, [8] [accessed August 30, 2017]).
10. ↑ Juan Álvarez Delgado: Primera conquista y cristianización de La Gomera . In: Anuario de estudios . No. 6 , 1960, ISSN  0570-4065 , p. 470 (Spanish, [9] [accessed August 25, 2017]).
11. ↑ Alejandro Cioranescu: Una amiga de Cristóbal Colón, Doña Beatriz de Bobadilla . Confederación de Cajas de Ahorros, Santa Cruz de Tenerife 1989, ISBN 84-505-8354-3 , p. 62 (Spanish).
12. ↑ Antonio Rumeu de Armas: La conquista de Tenerife 1494-1496 . Ed .: Aula de Cultura de Tenerife. Cabildo Insular de Tenerife, Santa Cruz de Tenerife 1975, ISBN 84-500-7107-0 , p. 77 (Spanish, [10] [accessed June 28, 2016]).
13. ↑ Alejandro Cioranescu: Una amiga de Cristóbal Colón, Doña Beatriz de Bobadilla . Confederación de Cajas de Ahorros, Santa Cruz de Tenerife 1989, ISBN 84-505-8354-3 , p. 65 (Spanish).
14. ↑ Antonio Rumeu de Armas: La conquista de Tenerife 1494-1496 . Ed .: Aula de Cultura de Tenerife. Cabildo Insular de Tenerife, Santa Cruz de Tenerife 1975, ISBN 84-500-7107-0 , p. 78 (Spanish, [11] [accessed June 28, 2016]).
15. ↑ Antonio Rumeu de Armas: La conquista de Tenerife 1494-1496 . Ed .: Aula de Cultura de Tenerife. Cabildo Insular de Tenerife, Santa Cruz de Tenerife 1975, ISBN 84-500-7107-0 , p. 71 (Spanish, [12] [accessed June 28, 2016]).
16. ↑ Manuel Lobo Cabrera: La conquista de Gran Canaria (1478-1483) . Ediciones del Cabildo de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria 2012, ISBN 978-84-8103-653-4 , p. 40 f . (Spanish).
17. ↑ Manuel Lobo Cabrera: La conquista de Gran Canaria (1478-1483) . Ediciones del Cabildo de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria 2012, ISBN 978-84-8103-653-4 , p. 61 (Spanish).
18. ↑ Manuel Lobo Cabrera: La conquista de Gran Canaria (1478-1483) . Ediciones del Cabildo de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria 2012, ISBN 978-84-8103-653-4 , p. 48 (Spanish).
19. ↑ Manuel Lobo Cabrera: La conquista de Gran Canaria (1478-1483) . Ediciones del Cabildo de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria 2012, ISBN 978-84-8103-653-4 , p. 54 f . (Spanish).
20. ↑ Alejandro Cioranescu: Una amiga de Cristóbal Colón, Doña Beatriz de Bobadilla . Confederación de Cajas de Ahorros, Santa Cruz de Tenerife 1989, ISBN 84-505-8354-3 , p. 79 (Spanish).
21. ^ Francisco Pérez Saavedra: El episodio de Iballa y sus motivaciones . In: Anuario de estudios atlánticos . No. 32 , 1986, pp. 425 (Spanish, [13] [accessed July 20, 2016]).
22. ↑ Manuel Lobo Cabrera: La conquista de Gran Canaria (1478-1483) . Ediciones del Cabildo de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria 2012, ISBN 978-84-8103-653-4 , p. 55 ff . (Spanish).
23. ↑ Antonio Rumeu de Armas: El señorío de Fuerteventura en el siglo XVI . In: Anuario de estudios atlánticos . No. 32 , 1986, pp. 21st ff . (Spanish, [14] [accessed June 20, 2016]).
24. ↑ Alejandro Cioranescu: Una amiga de Cristóbal Colón, Doña Beatriz de Bobadilla . Confederación de Cajas de Ahorros, Santa Cruz de Tenerife 1989, ISBN 84-505-8354-3 , p. 66 f . (Spanish).
25. ↑ Alejandro Cioranescu: Una amiga de Cristóbal Colón, Doña Beatriz de Bobadilla . Confederación de Cajas de Ahorros, Santa Cruz de Tenerife 1989, ISBN 84-505-8354-3 , p. 82 (Spanish).
26. ↑ Antonio Rumeu de Armas: El señorío de Fuerteventura en el siglo XVI . In: Anuario de estudios atlánticos . No. 32 , 1986, pp. 23 (Spanish, [15] [accessed June 20, 2016]).
27. ↑ Antonio Rumeu de Armas: El señorío de Fuerteventura en el siglo XVI . In: Anuario de estudios atlánticos . No. 32 , 1986, pp. 24 f . (Spanish, [16] [accessed June 20, 2016]).
28. ↑ Antonio Rumeu de Armas: El señorío de Fuerteventura en el siglo XVI . In: Anuario de estudios atlánticos . No. 32 , 1986, pp. 26 (Spanish, [17] [accessed June 20, 2016]).
29. ↑ Antonio Rumeu de Armas: El señorío de Fuerteventura en el siglo XVI . In: Anuario de estudios atlánticos . No. 32 , 1986, pp. 27 (Spanish, [18] [accessed June 20, 2016]).
30. ↑ Alejandro Cioranescu: Una amiga de Cristóbal Colón, Doña Beatriz de Bobadilla . Confederación de Cajas de Ahorros, Santa Cruz de Tenerife 1989, ISBN 84-505-8354-3 , p. 81 (Spanish).
31. ↑ Antonio Rumeu de Armas: El señorío de Fuerteventura en el siglo XVI . In: Anuario de estudios atlánticos . No. 32 , 1986, pp. 22 (Spanish, [19] [accessed June 20, 2016]).

Remarks

1. ↑ The spelling of the name Hernán or Fernán was not uniform at the end of the Middle Ages and is also used alternately in literature today.

literature

• Alejandro Cioranescu: Una amiga de Cristóbal Colón, Doña Beatriz de Bobadilla . Confederación de Cajas de Ahorros, Santa Cruz de Tenerife 1989, ISBN 84-505-8354-3 (Spanish).
• Antonio Rumeu de Armas: El señorío de Fuerteventura en el siglo XVI . In: Anuario de estudios atlánticos . No. 32 , 1986, pp. 17–128 (Spanish, [20] [accessed June 20, 2016]).