Indigolupine
| Indigolupine | ||||||||||||
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Indigolupine ( Baptisia australis ) |
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| Baptisia australis | ||||||||||||
| ( L. ) R.Br. |
The indigolupine ( Baptisia australis ) is a species of plant in the subfamily of the butterflies (Faboideae) within the legume family (Fabaceae). Other common German names are Blue Färberhülse , Australian Färberhülse or False Indigo . This North American species was used as a dye plant.
description
Appearance and leaf
The indigolupine is a deciduous, perennial herbaceous plant that can reach heights of up to 150 cm. It forms deep, branched roots with small root nodules. As a permanent organ, it forms a rhizome . The sap of the indigolupine turns blue-gray in the air. The squat, bald, upright stem branches only in the upper area.
The alternate arranged on the stem leaves are pinnate unpaarig three parts. The pinnate ends of the three gray-green leaflets are wider than the base (obovate).
Inflorescence and flower
The flowers sit together on terminal, upright, short racemose inflorescences . The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic , five-fold and about 2.5 to 3 cm in size. The five light-blue to blue-violet petals are typically arranged for the petals . Depending on the location, the flowering period extends from April to August (the main flowering period is June).
Fruit and seeds
A puffed legume , which turns black when ripe , is 2.5 to 7.5 cm long, ends in a sharp point and contains some loose seeds. The seeds are yellow-brown, bean-shaped and about 2 mm in size.
ecology
Like many legumes, it is able to fix nitrogen with the help of root symbionts .
ingredients
Baptisia australis contains a number of quinolizidine - alkaloids , including Anagyrin , Baptifolin , Cystinin and lupanine . Eating parts of plants can cause diarrhea and anorexia .
use
The Cherokee used the plant to obtain blue dye for clothing. European settlers in North America took up this and used it as a substitute for the real indigo (hence the German term "false indigo"). Some Indian tribes also use the indigolupine as a tea for medicinal purposes.
Occurrence
The indigolupine is native to central and eastern North America. However, it was introduced to other regions as an ornamental plant . It prefers lime-free, dry or stony soil in full sun or partial shade.
Systematics
This species was in 1767 under the name Sophora australis by Carl Linnaeus in Systema Naturae , 12th edition, 2, p 287 first published . It was founded in 1811 by Robert Brown in Hortus Kewensis; or, a Catalog of the Plants Cultivated in the Royal Botanic Garden at Kew. London (2nd ed.) 3, p. 6 placed under the name Baptisia australis in the genus Baptisia . Other synonyms for Baptista australis L. are: Baptisia caerulea Eaton & Wright , Baptisia confusa Sweet ex G.Don , Baptisia exaltata Sweet , Baptisia versicolor Lodd. , Podalyria australis (L.) Willd. , Podalyria coerulea Michx. , Ripasia caerulea (Trew) Raf. Trew , Sophora caerulea .
There are three varieties of Baptisia australis :
- Baptisia australis var. Aberrans (Larisey) Mendenhall
- Baptisia australis L. var. Australis
- Baptisia australis var. Minor (Loam.) Fernald
swell
- Patrick J. Broyles: Blue Wild Indigo at USDA Plant Guide . (English; PDF file; 81 kB)
Individual evidence
- ^ Baptisia australis at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
Web links
- Information from giftpflanze.com . (German)