Israel Philharmonic Orchestra

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The Charles R. Bronfman Auditorium (Heichal HaTarbut) in Tel Aviv

The Israel Philharmonic Orchestra ( Hebrew הַתִּזְמֹרֶת הַפִילְהַרְמוֹנִית הַיִּשְׂרָאֵלִית ha-Tizmoret ha-Phīlharmōnīt ha-Jisra'elīt ) is a symphony orchestra from Israel . The main venue for the orchestra is the Charles Bronfman Auditorium in Tel Aviv . The orchestra also plays in Jerusalem and Haifa all year round . Since it was founded under Bronisław Huberman in the 1930s, it has been the most important orchestra in Israel and one of the leading ensembles in the world.

history

The orchestra together with Leonard Bernstein during a performance in front of Israeli soldiers in the 1948 War of Independence
The orchestra to celebrate its seventieth anniversary together with Zubin Metha

The orchestra was founded in 1936 by the Polish violinist Bronisław Huberman under the name Palestinian Symphony Orchestra (הַתִּזְמֹרֶת הַסִּימְפוֹנִית הָאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵלִית ha-Tizmoret ha-Sīmfōnīt ha-Erez Jisra'elīt , English Palestine Symphony Orchestra ) was founded due to the political situation and increasing anti-Semitism under the influence of the Third Reich . The first members of the orchestra were 75 musicians who had come to British- ruled Palestine from Eastern Europe . The first conductor of the orchestra was originally from Germany originating William Steinberg . By hiring many Jewish musicians for the orchestra, despite considerable bureaucratic obstacles on the part of the British colonial government, Huberman saved them from the Holocaust with his commitment .

The first concert took place in Tel Aviv on December 26th 1936 and was conducted by the famous Italian conductor and declared anti-fascist Arturo Toscanini . The program included the 2nd symphony by Johannes Brahms and the overture to the opera " Oberon " by Carl Maria von Weber .

Because of the November pogroms in 1938 , Huberman decided not to include any more pieces by Richard Wagner in the concert programs, although the orchestra has in the meantime disregarded this regulation several times. After the independence of the State of Israel in 1948, the orchestra changed its name to the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra . During the war of independence that followed, the orchestra, under the direction of Leonard Bernstein, played in front of thousands of soldiers from the Israeli army across the country.

After the orchestra was invited to the prestigious music festivals of Salzburg , Lucerne and Edinburgh in Europe at the beginning of the 1970s, a high-media debate broke out in Israel over the question of whether the orchestra should also perform in Germany on this occasion or not. In 1971 the orchestra played in Berlin for the first time since its foundation in front of an audience in Germany, performing works from the repertoire of Felix Mendelssohn-Bartholdy and Gustav Mahler as well as the Israeli national anthem " HaTikwa ".

In 1977 the orchestra, under the baton of Zubin Mehta, gave a concert on the border with Lebanon in the name of the rapprochement between the two countries for both an Israeli and a Lebanese audience.

Since the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1989 and the subsequent immigration of Russian Jews to Israel, the orchestra has also become the home of numerous musicians with a Russian musical tradition, some of whom made up almost fifty percent of the orchestra's members and to this day have an important influence on the orchestra's repertoire .

In 2005 the Buchmann Mehta Music School was opened in cooperation with Tel Aviv University , which is dedicated to the musical training of young musicians from Israel and the artistic successor to the orchestra.

Artistic Director

Until 1968 the orchestra had no permanent musical director. The orchestra's honorary conductor was the American Leonard Bernstein from 1949 until his death . From 1968 on, Zubin Mehta was musical advisor and chief conductor, and in 1977 he was appointed music director. Since 1981 he has been music director for life. As the designated successor to Mehta, Lahav Shani will take over the leadership of the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra from 2020 .

Music directors

Musical advisor

Guest conductors (selection)

literature

  • Hansjakob Ziemer: Palestine Orchestra. In: Dan Diner (Ed.): Encyclopedia of Jewish History and Culture (EJGK). Volume 4: Ly-Po. Metzler, Stuttgart / Weimar 2013, ISBN 978-3-476-02504-3 , pp. 482-487.
  • Barbara von der Lühe: The music was our salvation! The German-speaking founding members of the Palestine Orchestra . Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen 1998, ISBN 3-16-146975-5 .

Web links

Commons : Israel Philharmonic Orchestra  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ How A Violinist Saved 1,000 Jews In World War II. Retrieved September 4, 2019 .
  2. ↑ Anke Kathrin Bronner: Zionism according to notes. December 13, 2006, accessed September 4, 2019 .
  3. ^ Israel Philharmonic Orchestra | orchestra. Accessed September 4, 2019 .
  4. ↑ Clyde Haberman: Old agonies Revive: Israeli Philharmonic To Perform Wagner . In: The New York Times . December 16, 1991, ISSN  0362-4331 ( nytimes.com [accessed September 4, 2019]).
  5. ↑ Our History. In: התזמורת הפילהרמונית הישראלית. Retrieved September 4, 2019 (American English).
  6. ^ Israel Philharmonic Orchestra | orchestra. Accessed September 4, 2019 .
  7. ^ Steven Erlanger: Israel Philharmonic Orchestra - Music . In: The New York Times . January 30, 2007, ISSN  0362-4331 ( nytimes.com [accessed September 3, 2019]).
  8. ↑ Volker Blech: "Berlin is very important to us" . August 6, 2015 ( welt.de [accessed September 3, 2019]).
  9. ↑ Carolin Emcke: Israel: Music in a State of Emergency . In: The time . July 30, 2009, ISSN  0044-2070 ( zeit.de [accessed September 4, 2019]).
  10. ↑ broadcast | NZZ . December 23, 2010, ISSN  0376-6829 ( nzz.ch [accessed September 4, 2019]).
  11. ↑ Lahav Shani becomes music director of the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra. Kleine Zeitung GmbH & Co KG, January 19, 2018, accessed on June 2, 2018 .
  12. ↑ Manuel Brug: Historical calling: Lahav Shani will only be the second music director of the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra from 2020. In: Brug's classics. Welt.de, January 17, 2018, archived from the original on January 20, 2018 ; accessed on June 6, 2020 (German).