haTikwa

התקוה
transcription	haTikwa
country	Israel
Usage period	1948 until today
text	Naphtali Heart Imber
melody	Samuel Cohen
Audio files

Text of the national anthem of Israel - Hatikwah

The HaTikwa ( Hebrew הַתִּקְוָה or unpunctured התקווה, ,the hope'; also written Hatikva or Hatikvah ) is the national anthem of the State of Israel . The text comes, in abbreviated form, from the poem Tikwatenu ("Our Hope") written in 1878 by Naphtali Herz Imber (1856-1909). The melody is believed to be from 1888 and is attributed to the composer Samuel Cohen .

The HaTikwa has been the anthem of the Zionist movement since 1897 . With the establishment of the State of Israel on May 14, 1948, was set to music Text declared the national anthem. At the end of the poem, however, a change was made: instead of the hope expressed by Imber that Jews may return to the land of their forefathers, it has since been said: "... to be a free people, in our land of Zion and in Jerusalem". In 2004, the national anthem status was legally established by the Knesset .

The HaTikwa is sung in many synagogues and Jewish communities , including the Jewish diaspora . This is often the case , for example, on Israel's Independence Day ( Yom haAtzma'ut ), on the day of commemoration for those who fell in the wars of Israel ( Yom HaZikaron ) and on the day of commemoration for the Holocaust ( Yom haScho'a ).

music

The melody of the haTikwa goes back to an unknown European folk song that appears in Spanish and Polish folk music, among other things , and has been adopted into the songs of many European countries (e.g. La Mantovana , Ack Värmeland, du sköna ). The main theme of the symphonic poem Vltava (“The Vltava”) by Bedřich Smetana has similarities with this melody. In the version used today, the music was probably brought in 1888 by Samuel Cohen ; the orchestral arrangement is by Paul Ben-Haim . Another arrangement for large orchestra is by Kurt Weill .

text

The text of the HaTikwa comes from the first stanza of the poem Tikwatenu (Our Hope) by Naphtali Herz Imber (1856–1909) in 1878. When the HaTikwa was declared the national anthem of the newly founded State of Israel in 1948, the text that was previously the Desire to return to Zion had changed as outlined below. The verse “As long as our hope is not lost” is a reinterpretation of the Bible verse Ez 37.11  EU (“Our hope is lost”) from the “ Dream of the withered bones ” of the prophet Ezekiel .

The original Hebrew text of the modern hymn is reproduced below with a transcription and a German translation.

כל עוד בלבב פנימה נפש יהודי הומיה, ולפאתי מזרח קדימה עין לציון צופיה - עוד לא אבדה תקותנו, התקוה בת שנות אלפים, להיות עם חופשי בארצנו ארץ ציון וירושלים.

Kol od ba-lewaw penima - Nefesch jehudi homija (Ul-) fatej misrach kadima ajin le-zijon zofija. Od lo avda tikwateynu Ha-tikwa bat schnot alpayim: Lihjot am kofschi be-arzenu - Erez Zion vi-jrushalayim.

So long in the heart a Jewish soul lives and looks to the east, forward, one eye to Zion, so long our hope is not lost, the hope, two thousand years old, of being a free people, in our land, in the land of Zion and in Jerusalem !

Original text of the poem Tikwatenu

Original text of the poem Tikwatenu with transliteration and German translation.

1 כָּל עוֹד בַּלֵּבָב פְּנִימָה , נֶפֶשׁ יְהוּדִי הוֹמִיָּה , וּלְפַאֲתֵי מִזְרָח קָדִימָה .עַיִן לְצִיּוֹן צוֹפִיָּה	1 Kol od balevav penimah Nefesh yehudi homiyah Ulefa'atei mizrah kadimah Ayin lastiyon tzofiyah	1 As long as a Jewish soul still lives in the heart and looks to the east, forward, one eye to Zion;
פזמון עוֹד לֹא אָבְדָה תִקְוָתֵנוּ : הַתִּקְוָה הַנּוֹשָׁנָה .לָשׁוּב לְאֶרֶץ אֲבוֹתֵינוּ .לְעִיר בָּהּ דָּוִד חָנָה	Refrain Od lo avdah tikvatenu Hatikvah hannoshanah Lashuv le'eretz avoteinu Le'ir bah david chanah	Refrain As long as our hope is not lost, The ancient hope of returning to the land of our fathers, to the city where David made his camp;
2 כָּל-עוֹד דְּמָעוֹת מֵעֵינֵינוּ , יִזְּלוּ כְגֶשֶׁם נְדָבוֹת וּרְבָבוֹת מִבְּנֵי עַמֵּנוּ .עוֹד הוֹלְכִים עַל קִבְרֵי אָבוֹת	2 Kol-od dema'ot me'eineinu Yizzelu chegeshem nedavot Urevavot mibbenei ammenu Od holechim al kivrei avot	2 As long as tears flow from our eyes like benevolent rain, And tens of thousands of our compatriots visit the graves of our (for) fathers;
פזמון	refrain
3 כָּל-עוֹד חוֹמַת מַחֲמַדֵּינוּ , לְעֵינֵינוּ מוֹפָעַת וְעַל חֻרְבַּן מִקְדָּשֵׁנוּ .עַיִן אַחַת עוֹד דוֹמָעַת	3 Kol-od chomat machamaddeinu Le'eineinu mofa'at Ve'al churban mikdashenu Ayin achat od doma'at	3 As long as our precious wall appears before our eyes, And one more eye sheds tears over the destruction of our temple ;
פזמון	refrain
4th כָּל-עוֹד מֵי הַיַּרְדֵּן בְּגָאוֹן , מְלֹא גְדוֹתָיו יִזֹּלוּ וּלְיָם כִּנֶּרֶת בְּשָׁאוֹן .בְּקוֹל הֲמוּלָה יִפֹּלוּ	4 Kol-od mei hayarden bega'on Melo gedotav yizzolu Uleyam kinneret besha'on Bekol hamulah yippolu	4 As long as the water of the Jordan overflows its banks in abundance, And rushes into the Sea of ​​Galilee with a loud rustle;
פזמון	refrain
5 כָּל-עוֹד שָׁם עֲלֵי דְרָכַיִם , שַעַר יֻכַּת שְׁאִיָּה וּבֵין חָרְבוֹת יְרוּשָׁלַיִם .עוֹד בּת צִיּוֹן בּוֹכִיָּה	5 Kol-od sham alei derachayim Sha'ar yukkat she'iyah Uvein charevot yerushalayim Od bt tziyon bochiyah	5 As long as there on the highways The humble city gates mark, And under the ruins of Jerusalem another daughter of Zion weeps;
פזמון	refrain
6th כָּל-עוֹד דְּמָעוֹת טְהוֹרוֹת , מֵעֵין בַּת עַמִּי נוֹזְלוֹת וְלִבְכּוֹת לְצִיּוֹן בְּרֹאשׁ אַשְׁמוֹרוֹת .עוֹד תָּקוּם בַּחֲצִי הַלֵּילוֹת	6 Kol-od dema'ot tehorot Me'ein bat ammi nozelot Velivkot lastiyon berosh ashmorot Od takum bachatzi halleilot	6 As long as pure tears still flow from the eyes of a daughter of my people, And to weep Zion during the night watch, she rises at midnight;
פזמון	refrain
7th כָּל-עוֹד נִטְפֵי דָם בְּעוֹרְקֵינוּ , רָצוֹא וָשׁוֹב יִזֹּלוּ וַעֲלֵי קִבְרוֹת אֲבוֹתֵינוּ .עוֹד אֶגְלֵי טַל יִפֹּלוּ	7 Kol-od nitfei dam be'orekeinu Ratzo vashov yizzolu Va'alei kivrot avoteinu Od eglei tal yippolu	7 As long as drops of blood flow back and forth in our veins , And dew drops still fall on the graves of our fathers ;
פזמון	refrain
8th כָּל-עוֹד רֶגֶשׁ אַהֲבַת הַלְּאוֹם , בְּלֵב הַיְּהוּדִי פּוֹעֵם עוֹד נוּכַל קַוּוֹת גַּם הַיּוֹם .כִּי עוֹד יְרַחֲמֵנוּ אֵל זוֹעֵם	8 Kol-od regesh ahavat halle'om Belev haiyhudi po'em Od nuchal kavvot gam haiyom Ki od yerachamenu el zo'em	8 As long as the feeling of love for the people beats in the heart of the Jew, we can still hope today that an angry God will have mercy on us;
פזמון	refrain
9 שמעו אחי בארצות נודִי את קול אחד חוזינו, כּי רַק עִם אַחֲרוֹן הַיְּהוּדִי ! גַּם אַחֲרִית תִּקְוָתֵנוּ	9 Shim'u achai be'artzot nudi Et kol achad chozeinu Ki rak im acharon hayehudi Gam acharit tikvatenu!	9 Hear, my brothers, in the lands of my exile, the voice of one of our visionaries, (who declares) that only with the last Jew will the end of our hope be reached!
פזמון	refrain
10 לֵךְ עַמִּי, לְשָׁלוֹם שׁוּב, , הַצֱּרִי בְגִלְעָד, בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם רוֹפְאֶךָ , רוֹפְאֶךָ יְיָ, חָכְמַת לְבָבוֹ ! לֵךְ עַמִּי לְשָׁלוֹם, וּרְפוּאָה קְרוֹבָה לָבוֹא ...	10 lech ami, le-schalom schuw, hazeri we-gil'ad, bi-jrushalajim rofe'echa, rofe'echa ha-schem, chachemat lewawo, lech ami le-schalom, urefu'ah kerowah lawo ...	10 Go my people, return in peace, your balm is in Gilead, your doctor is in Jerusalem, your doctor is God, the wisdom of his heart, go my people in peace, your healing will come soon ...
פזמון	refrain

Others

The setting of the song haTikwa by Samuel Cohen also served as a template for the Christian song Zünde an dein Feuer by Berta Schmidt-Eller , which uses the melody but has a German text.

In 2005 built John Williams in his soundtrack for the film Munich by Steven Spielberg one Hatikvah (The Hope) as shown in the film, such as Israel to the victims of the Munich Massacre at the 1972 Summer Olympics in mourning.

The song Yerushalayim Shel Zahav ( Jerusalem of Gold ) is often regarded as the unofficial second national anthem of Israel .

See also

• List of national anthems

literature

• Regina Randhofer: Ha-Tikwa. In: Dan Diner (Ed.): Encyclopedia of Jewish History and Culture (EJGK). Volume 2: Co-Ha. Metzler, Stuttgart / Weimar 2012, ISBN 978-3-476-02502-9 , pp. 554-556.

Web links

Commons : HaTikwa  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• HaTikwa as a video by YouTube
• haTikvah: The national anthem of the State of Israel hagalil
• Hatikva - National Anthem of the State of Israel. knesset.gov.il (English)
• National Anthem of Israel: HaTikva (HaTikvah). Israel Science and Technology Homepage (English; various sound files as download)
• Lecture on the biblical sources of the Hatikwa by Rabbi Dr. Raphael Zarum (LSJS) on YouTube

Individual evidence

1. ↑ benyehuda.org: Original text from Tikwatenu (Hebrew)
2. ↑ So z. B. Uri Avnery , who as a member of the Knesset even made the request that the song be raised to the rank of the Israeli national anthem instead of the HaTikvah, in hagalil.com