Jana Gana Mana

জন গণ মন ( Bengali ) / जन गण मन ( Hindi )
transcription	jono gono mono (Bengali) / ; jana gana mana (Hindi)
Title in German	Ruler over the spirit of the people
country	India
Usage period	Jan 24, 1950 - today
text	Rabindranath Tagore
melody	Rabindranath Tagore
Audio files

Jana Gana Mana ( ruler of the spirit of the people ) is the name of the national anthem of India . It consists of the first five stanzas of a poem written and set to music in Bengali by Nobel Prize winner Rabindranath Tagore .

Original Bengali text

Bengali

জনগণমন-অধিনায়ক জয় হে ভারতভাগ্যবিধাতা
পঞ্জাব
সিন্ধু গুজরাট মরাঠা দ্রাবিড়
উৎ‌কল বঙ্গ বিন্ধ্য
হিমাচল যমুনা গঙ্গা উচ্ছল
জলধি তরঙ্গ তব
শুভ নামে জাগে তব
শুভ আশিস মাগে গাহে
তব জয়গাথা জনগণমঙ্গলদায়ক
জনগণমঙ্গলদায়ক জয় হে
ভারতভাগ্যবিধাতা
জয় হে, জয় হে, জয় হে,
জয় জয় জয়, জয় হে ॥

Transliteration

jana gaṇa mana adhināẏaka, jaẏa he
bhārata bhāgya bidhātā
pañjāb sindhu gujarāṭ marāṭhā
drābiṛa utkal baṅga
bindhya himācal yamunā gaṅgā
ucchal jaladhi taraṅga.
taba śubha nāme jāge,
taba śubha āśisa māge,
gāhe taba jaẏa gāthā,
jana gaṇa maṅgal dāẏak jaẏa he
bhārata bhāgya bidhātā.
yesẏa he, yesẏa he, yesẏa he,
yesẏa yesẏa yesẏa yesẏa hey!

German translation

Ruler over the spirit of the people, hail,
India's fate guide!
Punjab, Sindh, Gujarat, Maratha,
Dravida, Utkal and Bengal,
the Vindhya Mountains, the Himalayas, the Yamuna, the Ganges,
the high waves of the ocean,
awaken through your auspicious name,
ask for your auspicious blessing,
sing your song of victory.
Luck bringer of the people, hail,
India's guide of fate!
Hail to you! Hail to you! Hail to you!
Heil, Heil, Heil, Heil you!

history

The poem was written by Tagore at the request of a friend on the occasion of the visit of the British King George V on December 27, 1911. The British colonial rulers thought the song was a hymn to their king. Tagore, however, understood Bharat Bhagya Vidhata (India's destiny director) to be God.

Recording of the 1942 performance

At the inaugural meeting of the of Subhash Chandra Bose launched German-Indian Society on September 11, 1942 at the Hotel Atlantic in Hamburg was played "Jana Gana Mana" for the first time by the Hamburg Radio Symphony Orchestra as the national anthem of an independent India.

After independence in 1947, “Jana Gana Mana” was officially adopted as the national anthem by the Constituent Assembly on January 24, 1950.

various

On November 30, 2016, the Supreme Court of India ruled that Indian cinemas must play the national anthem before a film begins. This should be accompanied by an image of the Indian flag on the canvas. The audience is obliged to stand up during the anthem. A similar practice had already existed in the 1960s and 1970s, but since then it has declined sharply and been practiced inconsistently. The topic was hotly and controversially discussed in the social networks .

Controversy also arose over the imprecise description of the national territory of India. So indeed be Bengal , Punjab , Gujarat , the Hindi - and Marathi -sprachige area ( 'Maratha'), South India ( 'Dravida') and Odisha (, Utkal ') named but not Assam with the Indian northeastern and Jammu and Kashmir . For this the Sindh is mentioned, which today belongs to Pakistan. On March 1, 2016, Lok Sabha MP Arvind Sawant ( Shiv Sena ) suggested removing the Sindh from the hymn on the grounds that one should not “glorify a place of a hostile nation”, which is a response to the Sindhi resistance -Community in India. In the same year and again on June 21, 2019, the Rajya Sabha MP Ripun Bora (Congress Party, Assam) made a similar move and proposed the mention of northeast India in the anthem instead of Sindh.

Web links

Information on the Indian national anthem at indien-netzwerk.de
Audio sample of Jana Gana Mana (MIDI format; 12 kB)
Sung on Youtube

Individual evidence

↑ Sugata Bose: The History of Patriotism: When Mahatma Gandhi refused to stand up in respect for the national song. In: Quartz India. August 14, 2017, accessed on February 16, 2020 .
↑ Krishnadas Rajagopal: National anthem must be played before screening of films: Supreme Court. The Hindu, November 30, 2016, accessed November 30, 2016 (English).
↑ India cinemas ordered to play national anthem. BBC News, November 30, 2016, accessed November 30, 2016 .
^ Rajya Sabha member wants to modify National Anthem. The Hindu, June 21, 2019, accessed June 21, 2019 .

[1] Sugata Bose: The History of Patriotism: When Mahatma Gandhi refused to stand up in respect for the national song. In: Quartz India. August 14, 2017, accessed on February 16, 2020 .

[2] Krishnadas Rajagopal: National anthem must be played before screening of films: Supreme Court. The Hindu, November 30, 2016, accessed November 30, 2016 (English).

[3] India cinemas ordered to play national anthem. BBC News, November 30, 2016, accessed November 30, 2016 .

[4] Rajya Sabha member wants to modify National Anthem. The Hindu, June 21, 2019, accessed June 21, 2019 .