Israelitische Kultusgemeinde Horn

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The Israelitische Kultusgemeinde Horn in Lower Austria comprised the administrative district of Horn with 135 people who, according to the 1934 census, professed to be Jewish.

history

In 1857 the first Jewish family settled in Horn in the Waldviertel , six years later nine Jewish families were already living here. These joined together to form a religious community. In 1870, the Lower Austrian Lieutenancy approved the statutes of a “Permanent Israelite Prayer Association in Horn”. The Chewra Kadischa was also founded in 1870, but this association was not officially constituted until 1889 after the application for approval from the Lieutenancy. In 1873 this prayer association was constituted as the “Israelitische Cultus-Gemeinde in Horn” and in 1892 as an Israelitische Kultusgemeinde according to the Israelite Law of 1890, to which the “Israelitische Cultus-Association” from Hollabrunn was affiliated. This split off in 1902 when the Hollabrunn and Retz prayer associations merged to form an independent religious community ( IKG Hollabrunn ). With a one-year hiatus (1902), the rabbinical position was occupied between the late 180s and 1920, after which it remained vacant.

From 1871, church services were held in an apartment in the “Karglhof” (Frauenhofnerstrasse 10 / Weinmanngasse 2) rented by the city of Horn, but the desire for an own prayer house grew steadily. When the school moved from Karglhof to a new building, the city administration was asked to leave the gymnasium for the purpose of building a prayer house, but they refused. In 1903 a house (Stadtgraben 25) could finally be bought, which was adapted as a prayer house.

The new cemetery

A first Jewish cemetery was set up next to the Prussian military cemetery north of Horn, but there was only one burial here. The tombstone is still preserved today. Due to the poor accessibility, a new piece of land was bought in 1873 southeast of Horn for the construction of a cemetery. However, the city objected to this plan: a Christian church and a cemetery had previously existed here. The objection was rejected. A small morgue was built in 1878, and a larger one was added in 1913. Some of the deceased from the Drosendorf internment camp were also buried in this cemetery during the First World War . During the Second World War , the German Wehrmacht used the morgue as a storage room and after the Second World War the Red Army set up a prisoner-of-war camp , which included the cemetery.

After the annexation to the Third Reich , the Horn district administration ordered on September 18, 1938 that all Jews had to leave the Horn district within 24 hours. The Jews of Horn were transported to Vienna by truck on September 19 . The prayer house had overwritten on September 18, the city will be the register books of the community were taken on the day of the district administration. The district administration of Horn reported to the state administration on October 24th that all Jews in the district had emigrated. As a result of this expulsion, the IKG Horn de facto ceased to exist and was officially dissolved on July 25, 1940.

rabbi

Several rabbis worked for the Israelitische Kultusgemeinde Horn. From 1920 the rabbinical position remained vacant:

  • until 1892: Isaak Leopold Rosner, b. 1839 in Hungary, died October 26, 1892 in Horn.
  • 1892–1894: Dr. Adolf Diamant, b. March 24, 1843 in Bogdanowitz near Tyrnau / Bohdanovce nad Trnavou (Slovakia), died February 25, 1906 in Schaffa / Šafov (Czech Republic)
  • 1894–1898: Dr. Adolf Schächter
  • 1898–1902: Ezekiel Nussbaum
  • 1902–1904: Dr. David Rudolfer, b. March 16, 1871, murdered September 14, 1942 in Theresienstadt / Terezín
  • 1905–1911: Dr. Jacob Diamond
  • 1911–1912: Dr. Max Huss, b. July 23, 1869 in Hohenstadt (Czech Republic)
  • 1912: Michael Halberstamm, b. September 12, 1884 in Brody, died 1937 in Brüx / Most (Czech Republic)
  • 1912–1919: Dr. Maier Gabriel Mehrer

literature

  • Christoph Lind: "The last Jew has left the temple - Jews in Lower Austria 1938 - 1945" . Mandelbaum Vienna 2004, ISBN 3-85476-141-4 .
  • Erich Rabl: The Jews in Horn . In: Friedrich Polleroß (ed.): "Memory is too painful". Jewish life and anti-Semitism in the Waldviertel (= series of publications by the Waldviertler Heimatbund, Volume 37, Horn-Waidhofen / Thaya 1996) pp. 183–220.
  • Erich Rabl: The Jewish population of Horn, expelled and exterminated . In: Horner Calendar, Volume 118 (1989), pp. 15-34.
  • Erich Rabl: The Jewish cemetery in Horn . In: Horn sewage treatment plant: Contributions to the history of the Taffatal. Mills, Riedenburg, Jewish cemetery. A commemorative publication of the Horn municipal association for wastewater disposal , ed. from the municipality association Horn for waste water disposal, Horn 1990, pp. 46-67.
  • Erich Rabl: On the history of the Jewish cemetery in Horn . In: Horner community news. No. 1, 2013, pp. 24-25. Online version as PDF.
  • Eva Zeindl: The Israelitische Kultusgemeinde Horn . Diploma thesis, Vienna 2008. Online version as PDF.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Eva Zeindl: The Jewish Community Horn . Diploma thesis, Vienna 2008, pp. 14–16. (Available online at: http://othes.univie.ac.at/2009/ ).
  2. ↑ Eva Zeindl: The Jewish Community Horn . Diploma thesis, Vienna 2008, pp. 14–16. (Available online at: http://othes.univie.ac.at/2009/ ).
  3. ↑ Eva Zeindl: The Jewish Community Horn . Diploma thesis, Vienna 2008, pp. 38–42. (Available online at: http://othes.univie.ac.at/2009/ ).
  4. ↑ Erich Rabl: The Jews in Horn . In: Friedrich Polleroß (ed.): "Memory is too painful". Jewish life and anti-Semitism in the Waldviertel (= series of publications by the Waldviertler Heimatbund, Volume 37, Horn-Waidhofen / Thaya 1996) pp. 183–220.
  5. ↑ Eva Zeindl: The Jewish Community Horn . Diploma thesis, Vienna 2008, pp. 25–29. (Available online at: http://othes.univie.ac.at/2009/ ).
  6. ↑ Eva Zeindl: The Jewish Community Horn . Diploma thesis, Vienna 2008, p. 206. (Available online at: http://othes.univie.ac.at/2009/ ).
  7. ^ Hugo Gold : The Jews and Jewish communities of Moravia in the past and present . Brno 1929, p. 516.
  8. ↑ Terezínská Pametní Kniha. Zidovské obeti nacistickych deportací z Cech a Moravy 1941–1945 . Vol. 1, Prague 1995, p. 415.
  9. ↑ http://kehilalinks.jewishgen.org/krnov/rabbis.html .
  10. ^ Hugo Gold: The Jews and Jewish communities of Moravia in the past and present . Brno 1929, p. 516.
  11. ^ Hugo Gold: The Jews and Jewish communities of Moravia in the past and present . Brno 1929, p. 516.