Itzik Manger

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Itzik Mangeri (bottom left, 1928)

Itzik Manger (born May 30, 1901 in Chernivtsi , Austria-Hungary ; died February 21, 1969 in Gedera , Israel ) was a Jewish writer who wrote and lectured in Yiddish .

Life

Itzik Manger grew up in a poor tailor's family in Chernivtsi and Jassy and learned the trade of a tailor. In 1921 he published his first poems in Romania . After his military service in the Romanian army, Manger worked for the suggestion of Eliezer Steinbarg resulting Yiddish Culture Federation in Romania. He traveled a lot and gave lectures on cultural education to young people. His poems from that time were self-published by Hefker (Yiddish hefker "without a ruler ", "out of a bird").

In 1929 he came to Warsaw , at that time a center of Yiddish culture and literature, where his talent and his distinctive voice quickly found recognition. Manger is known as the "prince of the Yiddish ballad ". "He invented and refined a form of lyric poetry that popularly dressed complex modernist structures." His poems appear in the most important Yiddish literary magazines in Warsaw, New York, Berlin, Chernivtsi and Bucharest. In addition to poetry , he wrote literary feature pages for various organs of the Yiddish press in Poland. From 1929 onwards several volumes of poetry, literary essays, translations and a novel were published. He toured Poland, Lithuania, Romania, Germany and France, where he appeared as a poet and gave lectures on literary topics. In 1935, the volume of poetry Chumesch-lider ("Five Book Songs") was published in Warsaw , a cycle of poems on biblical material from the Five Books of Moses .

He achieved fame in the 1930s, was expelled from Warsaw in 1938, ended up in Paris without papers, fled from the Nazis to Marseille and finally made it to England via detours in 1941. There, in exile, Manger lacked the public without which his work could not exist. There he also learned of the death of his beloved brother Notte. Manger processed this message in his plant. In 1951 he was invited to Canada and New York, where he performed in front of an enthusiastic audience. He managed to stay in the USA. Many appearances and publications followed (1963 appearance before the American Poetry Society and Leivik Prize). In 1958 he visited Israel for the first time, where he was celebrated as a hero of Yiddish literature .

The poetic work and its reception

Manuscript page

In his poems and ballads Itzik Manger describes the world of Eastern European , non-assimilated Judaism, which perished with the annihilation in the Holocaust from 1938/1941 to 1945. His work is very often considered popular in research, and as a result there was little literary material about him for a long time. Against the trend of the times, he remained loyal to Yiddish traditional literature, and as a result many of his poems have been popularly preserved as songs.

Itzik Manger was hardly noticed outside of the Yiddish-speaking area. Alfred Margul-Sperber translated some ballads into German for the first time in 1932, as did Rose Ausländer . Mascha Kaléko translated some poems from Chumeschlider and published them in the Jüdischen Rundschau in Berlin.

The Romanian-Jewish dramaturge and playwright Israil Bercovici adapted an anthology of Manger's poems into a two-act play Mangheriada , which premiered in April 1968 at the State Jewish Theater in Bucharest .

Works

  • schtern ojfn roof, Bucharest, 1929
  • lamtern in wint, Warsaw, 1933
  • chumesch lider, Warsaw, 1935
  • megile lider, Warsaw, 1936
  • Felker sing, Warsaw, 1936
  • Dismissal in Schpigl, Warsaw, 1937
  • welwl ssbarsher schrajbt briw to malkele der Schejner, Warsaw / Vienna 1937
  • noente geschtaltn, Warsaw 1938
  • the wunderleche life bashing fun schmuel abe aberwo. doss book fun gan-ejdn, Warsaw, 1939
  • wolkenss ibern dach, London, 1942
  • hozmach-schpil, London, 1947
  • the schnajder-Geseln note manger sings, London, 1948
  • medresch izik, Paris, 1951
  • lid un stroll, New York, 1952
  • Schtern in Schtojb, New York, 1967
Translations into German
  • The book of paradise (= doss book fun gan-ejdn ). Translated and introduced by Salcia Landmann . Kossodo, Geneva 1963. Other editions in: Deutscher Taschenbuchverlag 1965, Volk und Welt, Berlin 1971 and 1982, Limes 1978; last: Jüdischer Verlag, Frankfurt 1994 ISBN 3-633-54095-4
Collections
  • Itzik Manger. Selected and transferred by Hubert Witt. New life, Berlin 1984
  • "Me, the troubadour." Songs, ballads and prose. Translated from Yiddish by Andrej Jendrusch, Alfred Margul-Sperber and Hubert Witt. Edition Dodo, Berlin 1999 ISBN 3-934351-00-X
  • Dark gold. Poems. Yiddish and German. Edited, translated from Yiddish and with an afterword by Efrat Gal-Ed . Jewish publishing house, Frankfurt 2004; rev. and supplementary new edition Berlin 2016 ISBN 978-3-633-24106-4
    Yiddish : איציק מאַנגער, טונקל־גאָלד, לידער, ייִדיש און דײַטש, צונויפֿגעשטעלט, איבערגעזעצט און מייט אַ נאָכװאָרט י י י י י י י י י י י י י י י י י טי י י י ייִדישער פֿאַרלאַג אינעם זורקאַמפּ פֿאַרלאַג
additional

literature

  • John F. Oppenheimer (Red.) And a .: Lexicon of Judaism. 2nd Edition. Bertelsmann Lexikon Verlag, Gütersloh 1971 ISBN 3-570-05964-2 Sp. 464
  • Efrat Gal-Ed: Shtern oyfn dakh. In: Dan Diner (Ed.): Encyclopedia of Jewish History and Culture (EJGK). Volume 5: Pr-Sy. Metzler, Stuttgart 2014 ISBN 978-3-476-02505-0 pp. 447-482
  • Efrat Gal-Ed: Nobody's Language. Itzik Manger - a European poet. Suhrkamp, ​​Frankfurt am Main 2016 ISBN 978-3-633-54269-7
  • Ruth Reneé Reif: The Unknown Yiddishland. A conversation with Efrat Gal-Ed about Itzik Manger . In: Sinn und Form , vol. 68, 2016, 6, pp. 753–761

Web links

Footnotes

  1. ↑ a b Thomas Meyer : The tailor and dark gold. A treasure has been raised: the artist and literary scholar Efrat Gal-Ed opened up the life and work of the Jewish poet Itzik Manger . In: Süddeutsche Zeitung, November 29, 2016, p. 13.
  2. ↑ a b Ruth René Reif: The Unknown Yiddishland. A conversation with Efrat Gal-Ed about Itzik Manger . In: Sinn und Form , vol. 68 (2016), pp. 753–761.
  3. ↑ Susanne Klingenstein : The poet who went from gray to blue . In: Neue Zürcher Zeitung, July 13, 2016, p. 37.
  4. ↑ Original texts, possibly in a German translation. Exhibition catalog. The title comes from a letter from Kolnik to foreigners. Other authors: Rose Ausländer, Alfred Margul-Sperber, Alfred Kittner , Edith Silbermann, Helios Hecht and others.
personal data
SURNAME Manger, Itzik
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Manger, Itzig; Manger, Isidore
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Yiddish-speaking writer
DATE OF BIRTH May 30, 1901
PLACE OF BIRTH Chernivtsi , Bukovina
DATE OF DEATH February 21, 1969
Place of death Gedera , Israel