Rose alien

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Rose Foreigner (1931)

Rose Ausländer (born May 11, 1901 in Chernivtsi , Austria-Hungary , † January 3, 1988 in Düsseldorf ; born Rosalie Beatrice Scherzer ) was a German and English-speaking poet from Bukovina . She lived in Austria-Hungary, Romania , the USA , Austria and Germany .

Life

Memorial plaque on the house where he was born in Chernivtsi

Rose's father Sigmund Scherzer came from the strictly orthodox city ​​of Sadagora , which was shaped by Hasidism and the mysticism of Eastern Judaism , but professed to be free-thinking . He was an authorized signatory in an import-export company in Chernivtsi, where he met his wife Etie Rifke Binder. Rose Scherzer grew up in a cosmopolitan, liberal-Jewish family , also loyal to the emperor, in which the most important rules of Jewish tradition were preserved.

Rose Scherzer lived in Chernivtsi until her family fled to Budapest in 1916 before the second Russian occupation of the city in World War I. From there she moved on to Vienna with her parents and graduated from the one-year Germinal commercial school of the Viennese business community in 1919/1920. When she returned to the now Romanian Czernowitz / Cernăuţi in 1920, she took up a position in a law firm and studied literature and philosophy as a guest student at the Chernivtsi University , but dropped out a year after her father's death. In Czernowitz she took part in Friedrich Kettner's “ Ethical Seminar ” , a practical-philosophically oriented seminar in which Constantin Brunner , Spinoza , Plato and the Bible were received.

Together with her college friend Ignaz Ausländer, she left Bukovina in 1921 on the advice of her mother and emigrated to the USA. Here she was, among other things, an accountant at the Western Herald and began writing. Her first poems appeared in the America Herald Calendar , which she edited until 1927 . On October 19, 1923, she married a foreigner in New York, where she now worked as a bank clerk, but separated from him at the end of 1926. In the same year, she received US citizenship .

In 1927 she returned to Bukovina for eight months to take care of her sick mother, and met the cultural journalist and graphologist Helios Hecht. The couple traveled to New York in 1928; Rose Ausländer published a number of poems and feature sections in German-American newspapers in the following years. In 1930 her marriage with Ignaz Ausländer was divorced.

In 1931 foreigners returned to Chernivtsi with pike. She has published poems and essays in newspapers, magazines and anthologies, translated from Yiddish and English, taught English and worked as a life coach for the newspaper Der Tag . Since she had not been in the United States for more than three years, her US citizenship was revoked in 1934. In 1935 she separated from Hecht. She worked as a foreign language correspondent for a chemical plant in Bucharest.

In 1939, through the mediation of Alfred Margul-Sperber, her first volume of poetry, The Rainbow , was published, which was praised by the critics, but fell through with the public. Urged by friends in the USA to return to New York because of the threatening political situation in Chernivtsi, she traveled to the USA again in 1939, but returned to Chernivtsi that same year to care for her seriously ill mother. As a result of the Hitler-Stalin Pact of 1939, Soviet troops occupied Chernivtsi and northern Bukovina in June 1940. Foreigner was arrested as an alleged US spy by the Soviet domestic secret service NKVD and released from prison after four months in prison. She now worked as a nurse in an eye clinic. After the attack on the Soviet Union , the Romanian troops allied with Germany under Marshal Ion Antonescu occupied Chernivtsi in early July 1941. Even Romanians persecuted and murdered Jews. Rose Ausländer was locked in the city's ghetto , where she met Paul Celan . Even after the ghetto was dissolved, she was not allowed to leave the city, but escaped forced labor and deportation and survived in a cellar hiding.

In the spring of 1944 the Red Army marched into Chernivtsi, which has now become Soviet again, and freed the few surviving Jews. Rose Ausländer traveled again to New York via Romania and worked again as a foreign language correspondent. She wrote her poems entirely in English until 1956. In 1957 she met Paul Celan in Paris; Under his influence, she broke away from her classical expressionist tone and modernized her style - a development that had already begun in New York under the influence of American modernism, especially through the reception of Marianne Moore .

In 1964 Rose Ausländer moved to Vienna and in 1965 to Düsseldorf. As a victim of the Nazi regime, she received compensation and a pension. Her second volume of poetry, Blinder Sommer (1965), was her literary breakthrough and brought her the first award, the "Silver Heinetaler" from the Hoffmann und Campe publishing house . Rose Ausländer made extensive trips through Europe until 1971, especially to Italy and the last time to the USA in 1968/69.

In 1972 she moved to the Nelly-Sachs-Haus , the old people's home of the Jewish community in Düsseldorf. It was Rose Ausländer who suggested that this Jewish retirement and nursing home on Nelly-Sachs-Strasse in Düsseldorf-Stockum (after Hans Bender [FAZ January 5, 1988]) be named after Nelly Sachs . Long after she had moved to Germany, Rose Ausländer was hardly known. Only the publisher Helmut Braun , whom she met in 1975, changed that. After a femoral neck fracture from which she could not recover, Rose Ausländer decided in 1977 not to leave her room and just concentrate on her writing. Until her death in 1988 she published numerous volumes of poetry, which achieved high editions. The estate of her works is kept in the Heinrich Heine Institute . Rose Ausländer found her final resting place in the Jewish cemetery on the grounds of the Nordfriedhof Düsseldorf .

reception

In 2014, a series of events at the Philosophicum Basel was dedicated to the work of Rose Ausländers with a series of lectures, documentaries, readings and discussions. There is also a traveling exhibition of the Berlin Peace Library.

Works (selection)

Poetry

  • 1939: the rainbow
  • 1947: You spectators
  • 1956: Night magic
  • 1965: Blind summer
  • 1965: A resounding silence
  • 1965: childhood 1
  • 1967: 36 righteous
  • 1974: The fountain
  • 1974: Without a visa
  • 1975: Different characters
  • 1976: Collected Poems
  • 1976: There is still space
  • 1976: Biographical note
  • 1977: sheet
  • 1977: double game
  • 1978: Ash summer
  • 1978: Motherland
  • 1978: Much remains to be said
  • 1979: A little further
  • 1980: consent
  • 1980: at home
  • 1981: My breath is called now
  • 1981: Live in the Breath House
  • 1981: Riding a kite
  • 1982: My Venice doesn't sink
  • 1982: A warmer country awaits to the south
  • 1983: Only death breathes so safely
  • 1984: tears
  • 1984–90: Collected Works
  • 1987: I'm still playing
  • 1987: The dream has open eyes

Correspondence

Awards and honors

There is a Rose-Ausländer-Straße named after her in Kaarst and since 2018 in Düsseldorf-Derendorf .

Settings

1.  Singing - 2.  The garden - 3.  Something like that - 4.  Maybe - 5.  Together - 6.  Allowing to grow - 7.  You are still there
  • Nikolaus Brass : Rose-Ausländer-Lieder (1987) for 4 female voices. Texts from Living in the Breath House : The Most Beautiful ; My house ; Behind the walls . Duration: ~ 8 '. Premiere November 4th 1987 Stuttgart ( Planetarium ; Ensemble <belcanto>, direction: Dietburg Spohr). CD (Koch-Schwann / Aulos 3-1386-2)
  • Arthur Dangel (* 1931): Foreigner Cycle (2004/05). Texts from: I have a small flower
1.  Nevertheless roses - 2.  We dream land of milk and honey - 3.  The darkness grows - 4.  In the beacon - 5.  We fell in - 6.  No poems - 7.  Breathe easy - 8.  I am Cain - 9.  Nothing comforts - 10.  I listen - 11.  I am a little flower - 12. In the  morning a nightingale - 13.  In summer - 14.  Those lost times - 15.  I gather my losses - 16.  From the sun - 17.  I thank the gods - 18.  That White of a pillar - 19.  I've long been lost - 20.  The days of silence - 21.  I was a bird
1.  The signal (“There is a rumor going about ...”) - 2.  Advertise (“The big words ...”) - 3.  Together (“Don't forget ...”) - 4.  Hope (“Whoever hopes / is young ...”) - 5.  You are still there ("Throw your fear / in the air ...")
  • David Philip Hefti : Rose Petals (2007). Song cycle for medium voice and piano. Premiere November 30, 2009 Zurich ( Tonhalle ; Judith Schmid [mezzo-soprano], Sarah Tysman [piano]). Sheet music edition: Edition Kunzelmann GmbH. CD: telos music records (TLS 103)
1.  Dreaming home ("I kiss you night ...") - 2.  The insatiable ("We are unequal ...") - 3.  Nevertheless ("The beauty of flowers ...") - 4.  Tears ("They put out the fire ..." ) - 5.  Confusion (“Cheating yourself ...”) - 6.  The garden (“The garden / opens its roses ...”) - 7.  Night piece (“Brass of the moon ...”) - 8.  Honeycomb (“A honeycomb time ... ") - 9.  Farewell (" Mourn / for your eyes ... ") - 10.  Heaven (" It will be taken care of ... ") - 11.  The most beautiful (" I flee ... ") - 12.  Finding the way (" At night I swim / in the stream of stars ... ") - 13.  With empty hands (" I come to myself ... ") - 14.  Melancholy - 15.  The goal (" The goal has passed me / passed ... ")
  • Wolfgang Nening (* 1966): The song is not over yet (1997) for medium voice and piano (= No. 4 from Four songs based on texts by Austrian authors : Hertha Kräftner , Ingeborg Bachmann and Rose Ausländer)
  • Friedrich Scholz : Himmelsspiel ("Heaven, fairy tale friend, how do we play in your etheric rooms!") For voice and piano (= No. 4 from eight song settings based on poems by Rose Ausländer, Mascha Kaléko and Hermann Hesse )
  • Margarete Sorg-Rose : In the Breath House (1995). Song cycle for mezzo-soprano and clarinet in B. Sheet music: Edition Tonger, ISBN M-005-28100-9
1.  In the breath house - 2. April  wind - 3.  Bukowina II - 4.  Tree - 5.  I am a tree - 6.  Nails - 7.  Basic words - 8.  Don't say I - 9.  From a hot sleep - 10.  Our stars - 11.  Power of light - 12.  Trust - 13.  In the breath house / epilogue

literature

  • Rose alien reading book. Compiled and with an afterword by Maria Behre, Nyland's Small Rhenish Library Volume 13, edited on behalf of the: Nyland Foundation Cologne by Walter Gödden and Enno Stahl, Nyland Foundation Cologne 2018, ISBN 978-3-944011-75-2 .
  • Maria Behre: "Eva, where are you?" The power of the feminine in the work of Rose Ausländers . (= Publication series of the Rose Ausländer-Stiftung. Volume 16). Aphorisma, Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-86575-271-3 .
  • Jens Birkmeyer (Ed.): "Flowers words withered". Identity and foreignness in Rose Ausländer's poetry . Aisthesis, Bielefeld 2008, ISBN 978-3-89528-603-2 .
  • Helmut Braun: I'm five thousand years young. Rose alien. About her biography . Radius, Stuttgart 1999, ISBN 3-87173-178-1 .
  • Helmut Braun: Rose Foreigner. The Quarry of Words , Berlin 2018 (Jewish miniatures; 214) ISBN 978-3-95565-239-5
  • Jean Firges : Rose Foreigner. "Me, Moses' daughter." Poetry interpretations . (= Exemplary series literature and philosophy. Volume 4). Sonnenberg, Annweiler 2001, ISBN 3-933264-07-3 .
  • Martin A. Hainz : A résumé. For Rose Ausländer's uneven birthday. In: Andrei Corbea-Hoisie, George Gutu, Martin A. Hainz (ed.): Hour change. New readings on Rose Ausländer, Paul Celan, Alfred Margul-Sperber and Immanuel Weißglas. (= Jassyer contributions to German studies. IX; GGR contributions to German studies. Vol. IX). Editura Universitatii »Al. I. Cuza «/ Hartung-Gorre Verlag / Editura Paideia, Iaşi / Konstanz / Bucharest 2002, ISBN 3-89649-796-0 , pp. 461-467.
  • Martin A. Hainz: Deified suffering. On the poetry of Rose Ausländers taking into account the poetologies of Theodor W. Adorno, Peter Szondi and Jacques Derrida. Niemeyer, Tübingen 2008, ISBN 978-3-484-65165-4 .
  • Cilly Helfrich: "It's an ash summer in the world". Rose alien. Biography. Quadriga-Verlag, Weinheim 1995, ISBN 3-88679-270-6 .
  • Raimund Hoghe: With naked eyes. The poet Rose Ausländer. In: Ders .: When nobody sings, it's quiet . Portraits, reviews and other texts. Berlin: Verlag Theater der Zeit 2019, pp. 60–68.
  • Maria Kłańska: On the identity problem in the work of Rose Ausländers In: Maria Katarzyna Lasatowicz , Jürgen Joachimsthaler (ed.): National identity from a Germanistic perspective. University of Opole, Opole 1998, ISBN ISBN 83-8763513-8 , pp. 143–160 (on the subject: what other possibilities of self-identification are there with RA, since the "national" one does not have?)
  • Jacques Lajarrige, Marie-Hélène Quéval (ed.): Rose foreigner. Poems, Lectures d'une œuvre. Temps Nouv., Paris 2005 (French).
  • Edith Silbermann: Memories of Rose Ausländer. For the poet's 100th birthday on May 11, 2001. In: Zwischenwelt. Journal of the Culture of Exile and Resistance. Theodor Kramer Gesellschaft 18th vol., No. 2, Vienna 2001, ISSN  1606-4321 , pp. 6-10.
  • Claus Stephani: "Green Mother Bukowina". German-Jewish writers from Bukovina. Documentation in manuscripts, books and pictures. Catalog for the exhibition of the same name from April 22 to June 25, 2010. House of the German East, Munich, 2010, ISBN 978-3-927977-27-3 .
  • Theo Elm: On the run. In: Walter Hinck: Poems and Interpretations Present 2. Reclam, Stuttgart 2011, ISBN 978-3-15-009632-1 , pp. 28–35.

Web links

Commons : Rose Alien  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Biography Rose Ausländer - Rose Ausländer-Stiftung . Rose Foreigner Foundation website. Retrieved January 26, 2013.
  2. ↑ Rose Ausländer on the website judentum-projekt.de , accessed on October 25, 2016
  3. ↑ The lyric of an eventful life. In: Badische Zeitung. August 23, 2014. Retrieved August 23, 2014 .
  4. ↑ exhibition catalog. The title comes from a letter from Kolnik to foreigners. Other authors Ausländer, Alfred Margul-Sperber , Alfred Kittner , Edith Silbermann, Helios Hecht and others. Other ISBNs: ISBN 3-932670-05-1 , ISBN 3-931826-07-4 .
  5. ^ Articles by Boy Hinrichs, Kerstin Klepser, Klaus Krause, Oxana Matiychuk, Petro Rychlo , Siegrid Thielking, Harald Vogel .
  6. ↑ Rose Ausländer at Edition Virgines
  7. ^ Maria Behre: A reading book on Rose Ausländers complete works , review on literaturkritik.de
personal data
SURNAME Foreigner, Rose
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Scherzer, Rosalie Beatrice (maiden name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German and English speaking poet
DATE OF BIRTH May 11, 1901
PLACE OF BIRTH Chernivtsi , Austria-Hungary
DATE OF DEATH January 3, 1988
Place of death Dusseldorf