Ivan Pavlovich Towstucha
Ivan Tovstukha ( Russian Иван Павлович Товстуха , scientific. Transliteration Ivan Pavlovič Tovstucha; February * 10 . Jul / 22. February 1889 greg. In Beresna , Chernigov Governorate ; † 9. August 1935 in Moscow ) was from 1918 to 1935 Secretary of Stalin .
Life
Towstucha was born in the family of an estate manager. As a secondary school student, he took part in the 1905 revolution. In 1909 he was arrested and exiled to the Siberian governorate Irkutsk , from where he was able to flee abroad in 1912. At first he stayed in Austria-Hungary , but a short time later he went to France , where he worked as a stoker and taxi driver. Towstucha first joined the SFIO and became a member of the Paris Taxi Drivers Union, but found connection to the Paris group of Bolsheviks as early as 1913 .
Towstucha returned to Russia in the course of the February Revolution in 1917 . After the October Revolution he worked on the staff of the Red Guards until March 1918, then in the People's Commissariat for Nationality Issues, where he became the closest confidante of People's Commissar Josef Stalin . When Stalin moved to the Central Committee of the RKP (b) in 1921 , Towstucha was also transferred there. From 1922 Towstucha was Stalin's private secretary, from 1927 head of the office of the general secretary of the party. There he worked as a ghostwriter on many of Stalin's speeches. In 1922 Towstucha wrote the first official biography of his superior, which initially appeared as an encyclopedia and was printed in 1927 as an independent publication with an edition of 50,000. Towstucha also drew up lists of supporters of the party opposition movements of the 1920s on behalf of his superior, which were later used during the Stalin purges .
In addition to his work as Stalin's secretary, Towstucha worked from 1931 as deputy director at the Moscow Marx-Engels-Lenin Institute . In 1934 he became a candidate for the WKP Central Committee (b) . Towstucha died of tuberculosis in 1935 . His urn was buried on the Kremlin wall in Moscow. Alexander Nikolayevich Poskrjobyshev took over as Stalin's secretary .
literature
- Bažanov, Boris: Vospominanija byvšego sekretarja Stalina, Moskva, SP Sofinta, 1990, pp. 129-131.
- Leontjuk, AM; Torčinov, VA (ed.): Vokrug Stalina. Istoriko-biografičeskij spravočnik, Saint-Petersburg, Filologičeskij fakul'tet Sankt-Peterburgskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta, 2000, pp. 481–483.
- Zalesskij, KA (ed.): Imperija Stalina. Biografičeskij enciklopedičeskij slovar ', Moskva, Veče, 2000, p. 441.
Web links
- Article Ivan Pavlovich Towstucha in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (BSE) , 3rd edition 1969–1978 (Russian)
- Biography in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (English)
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Towstucha, Ivan Pavlovich |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Tovstukha, Ivan Pavlovich; Товстуха, Иван Павлович (Russian); Tovstucha, Ivan Pavlovič (scientific transliteration) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Secretary of Stalin (1918-1935) |
| DATE OF BIRTH | February 22, 1889 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Beresna , Chernigov Governorate |
| DATE OF DEATH | August 9, 1935 |
| Place of death | Moscow |