Allersheim Jewish Community
A Jewish community in Allersheim , a district of the Lower Franconian district of Würzburg situated market Giebelstadt , has existed since the mid-17th century.
history
The barons Geyer von Giebelstadt owned Allersheim from the middle of the 16th to the beginning of the 18th century as a fief of the Würzburg monastery and allowed Jews to settle there . The mayor's accounts of 1693 and the following years name the Jewish heads of household: Feußlein, Löb, Marx, Morgel and Sussmann.
The Jewish cemetery in Allersheim was created in 1665 as an association cemetery. In the course of the 18th century, the number of Jewish residents in Allersheim increased continuously, so that by 1748 there were 26 Christian families and 12 Jewish families living in the village, who lived primarily from trading in everyday goods.
The Jewish community was subordinate to the Knighthood Chief Rabbinate District based in Heidingsfeld . The maximum number of 90 people reached the Jewish population share in 1816, when the place had a total of 331 inhabitants. According to the Bavarian Jewish edict of 1813, the Jewish community in Allersheim was assigned 17 matriculation positions, i.e. H. A maximum of 17 Jewish families were allowed to live in the village. In 1822 and 1824 the number was increased by one family each.
The heads of household were in 1813 (with the newly adopted family name and branch of business): Joseph Samuel Adler ( horse trade ), Abraham Seckel Friedlein ( chess trade ), Geja Anschel Seckel Friedlein (goods trade and cattle slaughter), Jeremias Seckel Friedlein (trade), Moses Seckel Friedlein (old goods) , Isaak Löw Grünbaum (trade in old clothes), Isaac Jacob Neuburger (horse trade), Ischa Simon Neuherr ( specialty trade ), Moses Isaac Neumark (trade), Raphael Abraham Rosenthal (cattle trade), Wolf Abraham Rosenthal (cattle trade), Grela Löw Wolf Rothstein (Cattle trade), Samuel Wolf Rothstein (trade in goods), Wolf Samuel Rothstein (without purchase), Manasses Salomon Stern (trade), Jacob Kallmann Tischbecker (clothing trade) and Minkela Binges Weikersheimer (without purchase).
The occupations of the Jewish residents in Allersheim changed over the course of time so that in 1848 two were active in the trade, four ran their own farms, two a junk trade, two lived from the chess trade and six others from other branches of business.
Through education and emigration, especially to Würzburg, the number of Jewish community members in the second half of the 19th century fell sharply. As early as the 1870s, a minyan , the ten number of men of religious age required for worship , could no longer be reached. In 1901, at the request of the community leaders Abraham Weissbart and Julius Rothstein, the district office of Ochsenfurt ordered the dissolution of the Jewish community in Allersheim and the Jewish residents of the village were assigned to the Jewish community in Bütthard .
school
In 1768 a Jewish school was set up in a residential building and soon afterwards an own teacher was employed, who also worked as a prayer leader and schochet . The teacher lived free of charge in the schoolhouse. In 1872 the Jewish religious school was only attended by two students and then closed. The teacher Abraham Weissbart then became a religion teacher in Bütthard .
Synagogue and rabbi
A synagogue is first mentioned in 1718. In the synagogue building (Hauptstrasse 20) the rabbi's apartment and a ritual bath ( mikveh ) in the basement were also set up. In 1886 the synagogue building was taken over by the Israelitische Friedhofskorporation Allersheim and in 1901 the rituals of the synagogue and the memorabilia were brought to the synagogue of Bütthard. In 1911 the synagogue building was sold for 900 marks and the new owner converted the building into a residential building.
Allersheim temporarily had its own rabbi, who had his apartment in the synagogue building. 1770/71 Joel Simson is mentioned and in 1804 Calm Jud. Samuel Weissbart was rabbi and teacher from 1828, Elias Weissbart for a short time after 1868 and finally Abraham Weissbart until his death in 1902.
Community development
| year | Parishioners |
|---|---|
| 1718 | 9 families |
| 1748 | 12 families |
| 1797 | 18 families, 1.8% of the population |
| 1816 | 90 people, 27.9% of the population |
| 1837 | 85 people, 22.4% of the population |
| 1848 | 81 people |
| 1867 | 67 people, 20.6% of the population |
| 1880 | 8 people out of 327 inhabitants |
| 1900 | 6 people out of 333 inhabitants |
| 1930 | 3 persons |
| 1933 | 4 people (= Baumann family) |
National Socialist Persecution
During the time of National Socialism , in the course of the November pogroms in 1938, the furnishings of the cemetery supervisor Heinrich Baumann were devastated and he himself was taken to the Ochsenfurt prison. In March 1942 Heinrich Baumann (born August 26, 1877 in Untererthal ) was deported to Izbica with his wife Jenny, born Blumenthal (born March 6, 1883 in Großeicholzheim ) and murdered.
The memorial book of the Federal Archives lists two more Jewish citizens born in Allersheim who fell victim to the genocide of the National Socialist regime : Arnold Friedlein (born September 11, 1867 in Allersheim) and Tilli Weißbarth (born January 20, 1883 in Allersheim).
literature
- Klaus-Dieter Alicke: Lexicon of the Jewish communities in the German-speaking area. 3 volumes, Gütersloh 2009, ISBN 978-3-579-08035-2 ( online version )
Web links
- To the Jewish community of Allersheim near Alemannia Judaica (with photos)
Individual evidence
- ^ Commemorative Book - Victims of the Persecution of Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933 - 1945 . Retrieved September 26, 2010.