Wankheim Jewish cemetery

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Gate and billboard
Old tombstones
Memorial stone from 1949 for the 14 people from Tübingen who were murdered by the National Socialists
Newer (before 1941) tombstones, mostly with Latin script
Last burial (May 1941). A. Schäfer had died of the consequences of his imprisonment in the Dachau concentration camp , where he had been deported after the November pogroms in 1938
Enclosed grove on the edge of the forest in May

The Jewish cemetery of Wankheim was laid out in 1774 by the Jewish community of Wankheim . In connection with the relocation of the Jewish community of Wankheim to Tübingen (around 1884) it was transferred to them and was used for funerals of Jewish citizens from Tübingen and the surrounding area until 1943. Today it is largely a memorial.

location

The cemetery is located in the Wankheim district, north of the town center, about 2 km as the crow flies. It is located on a small road between Wankheim and Kusterdingen , which used to be the actual connection between these places. It is located near the B28 Tübingen-Reutlingen northwest of the Kusterdingen / Wankheim exit on the edge of the forest. A path runs parallel to the B28 between the junction Tübingen (opposite the Burgholzkaserne ) and Kusterdingen / Wankheim. At the Kusterdinger Höhe it crosses the above-mentioned Wankheim − Kusterdingen road. From this intersection, the cemetery is clearly visible in a north-westerly direction. The cemetery is usually closed and can only be visited on a guided tour.

history

In 1774, four to five Jewish families from Wankheim leased a plot of land and set up a cemetery on it. They paid a rent of up to three guilders per year. The oldest grave dates from 1788/89 and, like other graves from this period, has Hebrew lettering and no grave border.

The Israelite community of Wankheim tried since 1843 to buy the cemetery grounds. Since the Wankheim municipal council demanded a large amount for this, the negotiations dragged on for four years, including with the involvement of the relevant higher authorities. The Jewish community acquired the cemetery in 1845–1848. In 1863 the cemetery was expanded.

The cemetery was expanded again around 1900, as the Jewish people who died in Tübingen and Reutlingen were also buried on it until 1941. In the cemetery there is a memorial stone for 14 people from the Jewish community of Tübingen who perished in the period of persecution from 1933 to 1945. It was built by Viktor Marx, who survived captivity in several camps. The first three names are those of the dead from his own family:

  • Marga Marx (1909–1942), his wife
  • Ruth Marx (1933–1942), his 8-year-old daughter
  • Blanda Marx (1878-1942), his mother
  • Max Lowenstein
  • Sophie Lowenstein
  • Use Löwenstein
  • Solomon Spiro
  • Karoline Spiro
  • Martha Spiro
  • Elfriede Spiro
  • Hans Spiro
  • Edwin Spiro
  • Anne Erlanger

The last tombstone dates from 1941. In 1943, the Wankheim community took over the cemetery. In 1949, the burial site was returned to the Israelite Wuerttemberg Cultural Association in Stuttgart, which is now the owner, as part of the restitution .

History of the Jewish community in Wankheim

In rich knightly Wankheim there was a Jewish community until 1882. It originated in the second half of the 18th century. David Dessauer from Nordstetten received permission to settle down from the landlords of Wankheim, the barons of Saint-André . The local lord Friedrich Daniel von Saint-André from Wankheim allowed four Jews to settle in his village for a “nominal fee”. Several families from Unterdeufstetten , Braunsbach and Haigerloch followed them . The families traded in junk goods, cattle, hops and other goods, as well as other agricultural products.

There was a synagogue , a religious school, a ritual bath and the cemetery. In the 19th century, a teacher was employed at times to carry out religious tasks for the community, who was also active as a prayer leader and schochet . In 1832 the community was assigned to the Mühringen district rabbinate .

With the arrival of other families, a Jewish community emerged that had a total of 23 members in 1807 and grew rapidly in the period that followed. By 1844 there were 118 Jewish residents in 25 households. Most Jewish families began to emigrate as early as 1806, when five Jewish families were able to move from Wankheim to Esslingen with the special permission of King Friedrich I of Württemberg . After 1860, many Jews from Wankheim moved to Tübingen and Reutlingen . In 1886 there was only one Jewish woman left who moved to Wankheim in 1887.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Jewish cemetery Wankheim near Alemannia Judaica .
  2. ^ Wilhelm Böhringer: In 1887 the last Jewish woman moved away ...

literature

  • Wilhelm Böhringer: In 1887 the last Jewish woman moved away. The history of the Israelite community in Wankheim . In: "Tübinger Blätter" 61, 1974, pp. 13-19. Also reprinted and provided with current photos in: 900 Years Wankheim , Ortschaft Wankheim 2011, pp. 220–233.
  • Frowald Gil Hüttenmeister : The Jewish cemetery Wankheim , Theiss, Stuttgart 1997, ISBN 3-8062-1195-7 (= contributions to the history of Tübingen; Vol. 7)

Web links

Commons : Jüdischer Friedhof Wankheim  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 48 ° 30 ′ 30.5 ″  N , 9 ° 6 ′ 3 ″  E