Jacobus Probst
Jacobus Probst, also Propst, Praepositus, Praepositi , Dutch: Proost , in later works often as Jacob Spreng (* 1486 in Ypres ; † June 30, 1562 in Bremen ), was a Protestant theologian and Bremen superintendent .
biography
The assumption that it should have been called Spreng arose from the fact that his contemporaries named it Yperensis (Hyperensis) after its hometown, which was later not understood and was read as Spreng.
He was an Augustinian monk and prior in Antwerp since 1519 . He studied in Wittenberg around 1521 and got to know Martin Luther here and during a stay in Erfurt . After his return to Antwerp, he turned against indulgences in his sermons. He was imprisoned, interrogated by the Inquisition and forced to publicly retract, which he performed on February 9, 1522 in the Gödelekirche in Brussels . Plagued by remorse, he preached again in the evangelical sense. After being captured again, he escaped death by fleeing to Wittenberg. In the meantime, having resigned from the order, he married in 1523 in Wittenberg.
Luther and Heinrich von Zütphen recommended him as pastor to Bremen , where from 1524 until his death he worked as pastor to Our Lady and as superintendent. He called the social revolution, the uprising of the 104 men , and the work of the 104 men as the first elected representative of the citizens as a sin and the "work of Satan". On April 30th, he and Johann Timann from the Martinikirche left the city until the body of 104 men was disbanded by the city council.
The introduction of the Lutheran church service in Bremen goes back to Probst. Otherwise he represented Luther's view and remained in contact with him by letter. In 1532 he was appointed superintendent and he gave the first Protestant sermon at Bremen Cathedral, which had been Catholic until then . He refused foreign appeals. In Hardenberg's dispute over the Reformed theologian Albert Hardenberg and Mayor Daniel von Büren the Younger , which intensified between 1555 and 1559, he had to resign as a Lutheran cleric around 1559. Nevertheless, Ortwin Rudloff saw in his reform theology, which was shaped by Dutch humanism, certain prerequisites for the development of the Reformed Confession in Bremen.
Works
- A beautiful and pathetic history of common pious Christianity from both prisons . Colmar 1524.
literature
- Johann Friedrich Iken : Probst, Jakob . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 26, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1888, pp. 614-617.
- Ernst Pulsfort: Probst, Jakob. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 7, Bautz, Herzberg 1994, ISBN 3-88309-048-4 , Sp. 966-968.
- Real Encyclopedia for Protestant Theology and Church , Volume 16, page 110
- HQQ Jansen: Jacobus Praepositus . Amsterdam 1862.
- W. v. Bippen : History of the City of Bremen . Volume 1, Bremen 1892.
- O. Clemen : The Augustinian monastery in Antwerp at the beginning of the Reformation (1513–1523) . (Monthly newsletter of Comenius-Ges. 10, 1901, pages 306-313).
- H. extracted : Jacobus Probst . In: Bremisches Jahrbuch . Volume 32, Bremen 1929.
- HE Engelhardt: The heresy dispute between Hardenberg and Bremen council (1547–1561) (Hospitium Ecclesiae 4, 1964).
- B. Heyne : The Reformation in Bremen 1522-1524 . (Hospitium Ecclesiae 8, 1973, pp. 7-54)
- Ortwin Rudloff: Bonae litterae et Lutherus. Texts and studies on the beginnings of the theology of the Bremen reformer Jakob Propst (= Hospitium Ecclesiae, vol. 14), Bremen 1985.
Individual evidence
- ^ Iken, "Probst, Jakob" in: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie 26 (1888), pp. 614–617 [online version]; URL: http://www.deutsche-biographie.de/sfz97468.html
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Probst, Jacobus |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Provost, Jacobus; Praepositus, Jacobus; Praepositi, Jacobus; Spreng, Jacobus; Sprenger, Jacobus |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Protestant theologian and Bremen superintendent |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 1486 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Ypres |
| DATE OF DEATH | June 30, 1562 |
| Place of death | Bremen |