Jacopo de 'Barbari
Jacopo de 'Barbari (* around 1460–70 in Venice ; † before July 1516 in Mechelen ) was an Italian painter and engraver who worked as a court artist in various places north of the Alps.
Year of birth and identity
Very little is known about Jacopo de 'Barbari's youth, and even his real name was unclear for a long time. In Venice he could have been the painter Jacometto alias Jacomo alias Iacomo de Barberino Veneziano , whose works were part of various Venetian art collections. The Nuremberg biographer Johann Neudörffer the Elder mentions in 1547 in his work on Nuremberg artists "Jacob, Walch called, painter", and since the German author and printer Georg Walch lived in Venice between 1479 and 1482, who could have been his father from age , it has long been speculated that he was this. Since a receipt from 1510 was found that bears the signature "Jacobus de Barbaris", the speculations have come to an end.
A supposed information about his date of birth comes from Nuremberg: The Nuremberg engraver Johann Fennitzer (1611–1688) left a fictional portrait of de 'Barbaris with the inscription "Jacob Walch Painter in Nuremberg A. 1436", his assumed year of birth. Since many of Fennitzer's pictures have turned out to be inventions, this date can also be doubted. A recent study suggests 1475 as the date of birth. Venice is now generally recognized as the place of birth.
The Venice plan from 1500
De 'Barbari was based, among other things, on Giovanni Bellini . He worked in Venice until 1500 , where he made a large and very detailed plan from 1498–1500 that shows Venice from a bird's eye view and is a masterpiece of printmaking of its time. The six wooden printing blocks in this Venice map were used for three centuries . Prints of it can be found today in many museums in Europe, for example in Venice, London, Saint Petersburg, Krakow, Frankfurt am Main, Leipzig, Coburg, Berlin, Dresden, Munich, Weimar, Erlangen and, last but not least, in the Germanic National Museum in Nuremberg. A total of eleven copies from the year 1500 still exist worldwide, all other prints are from 1514 or after. The six original wooden panels are on display in Venice at the Correr Museum. The special thing about the de 'Barbaris Venice map is the very detailed reproduction of the lagoon city; details from this print are repeatedly used to show buildings in Venice from around 1500. The extraordinary dimensions of the plan for the time it was created - a total of 139 x 282 cm - result in an impressive picture of the lagoon city.
1500–1503 royal court painter in Nuremberg
In 1500 Jacopo de 'Barbari went to Germany, where he worked under the name Jakob Walch , d. H. the Welsche achieved great prestige in the then new position of court painter based on the ancient model. First he was in Nuremberg in April 1500 in the service of King (and later Emperor) Maximilian I. There Albrecht Dürer met him, who reported that Jacopo de 'Barbari had introduced him to the theory of proportions in painting. A source from the late 16th century names him as the teacher of Hans von Kulmbach , which is probably an exaggeration, even if a clear influence can be proven. In Nuremberg there are numerous works by other artists in which his influence is noticeable, e.g. B. Hans Vischer's Apollo figure and the Sebaldus tomb .
1503–1505 electoral court painter in Saxony
From 1503 to 1505 he was court painter to Frederick III. von Sachsen and works partly together with Lucas Cranach the Elder . Another meeting with Albrecht Dürer takes place in Wittenberg. He lived in the residential town of Wittenberg and at times also at the Lochau hunting lodge (today Annaburg ) and was part of the humanist circles of the university, which was newly founded in 1502 . The famous Munich still life "Partridge and Iron Gloves" dates from this period and is the first autonomous and signed representation of inanimate objects in post-ancient painting. Jacopo's successor as court painter to the Electorate of Saxony was Lucas Cranach the Elder.
Life and work from 1506
Between 1506 and 1510 was Jacopo de 'Barbari in Mecklenburg Duke Henry V and the Brandenburg I. Elector Joachim operates. Most recently he worked as court painter to Archduchess Margarete in Mechelen , where he died in 1516.
His work
His paintings are rare. A Madonna with two saints in Paris and a Madonna with two saints and the donor in the Berlin Museum still show the Bellinesque style. The Weimar Gallery has a Christ head, the Alte Pinakothek in Munich has a still life from 1504.
- Half-length portrait of a ..... Imhoff, councilor of Nuremberg, in full view.
His paintings and engravings usually have a rod of Mercury as a symbol. Therefore he is also called the master with the caduceus.
literature
- Beate Böckem: Jacopo de 'Barbari. Artists and court culture around 1500. Böhlau, Cologne 2015, ISBN 978-3-412-22177-5 (also dissertation, University of Bonn 2010). ( books.google )
- Beate Böckem: Jacopo de 'Barbari. A Northern Italian artist at the royal court of Electoral Saxony. In: Enno Bünz et al. (Ed.): The Ernestinian Wittenberg. City and residents (1486–1547). Imhof, Petersberg 2013, text volume, pp. 345–354, illustrated volume, pp. 173–176.
- Beate Böckem: "Illuminist and Contrafeter": Jacopo de 'Barbari as an artist with Maximilian I. In: Udo Friedrich, Matthias Müller, Karl-Heinz Spieß (eds.): Kulturtransfer am Fürstenhof. Lukas, Berlin 2013, ISBN 978-3-86732-155-6 , pp. 218–242.
- Daniela Crescenzio: Italian walks in Nuremberg. Volume I: Nuremberg, Venice of the North. IT-Inerario, Unterhaching 2011, ISBN 978-3-9813046-3-3 .
- Roland Damm, Yasmin Doosry, Alexandra Scheld: The Venice Plan from 1500. Restoration of a giant woodcut in the Germanic National Museum. Germanisches Nationalmuseum, Nuremberg 2012, ISBN 978-3-936688-63-4 ( PDF ).
- Simone Ferrari: Jacopo de 'Barbari. A protagonista del Rinascimento tra Venezia e Dürer. Mondadori, Milan 2006, ISBN 88-424-9238-8 .
- Gérard A. Jaeger, Terisio Pignatti : Jacopo de 'Barbari. Perspective plan of Venice. Uhl, Unterscheidheim 1976.
- John Andrew Martin: Anton Kolb and Jacopo de 'Barbari: "Venice in 1500". The city portrait as a document of Venetian-Upper German relations. In: Bärbel Hamacher, Christel Karnehm (eds.): Pinxit / sculpsit / fecit. Art history studies. Festschrift for Bruno Bushart. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich 1994, ISBN 3-422-06147-9 , pp. 84–94.
Web links
- Literature by and about Jacopo de 'Barbari in the catalog of the German National Library
- Works by Jacopo de 'Barbari at Zeno.org .
Individual evidence
- ^ Jacopo de 'Barbari Metropolitan Museum
- ^ A b c Daniela Crescenzio: Italian Walks in Nuremberg - Volume I: Nuremberg, Venice of the North , 1st edition 2011, Verlag IT-INERARIO, Unterhaching, ISBN 978-3-9813046-3-3 .
- ↑ art-directory.de
- ↑ The stations in life and their dates from: Böckem, Beate: Jacopo de 'Barbari: An Apelles at the Fürstenhof? The alliance of artist, humanist and ruler in the Old Kingdom. In: Müller, Matthias; Weschenfelder, Klaus; Böckem, Beate; Hansmann, Ruth (Ed.): Apelles at the Fürstenhof. Facets of court art around 1500 in the Old Kingdom. Exhibition catalog. Berlin 2010, pp. 23–33.
- ↑ DIRECTORY OF THE v.DERSCHAUISCHE Kunstkabinett zu NÜRNBERG .... Nuremberg, at the obligated auctionator Schmidmer., 1825., 250 p., Directory of rare art collections., 1825., Google Books, online , p. 5
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Barbari, Jacopo de ' |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Maestro del Caduceo; Maître au Caducée; Master with the Caduceus; Walch, Jakob |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Italian painter and engraver |
| DATE OF BIRTH | around 1440 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Venice |
| DATE OF DEATH | before 1516 |
| Place of death | unsure: Mechelen |