Jacques Duphly

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Jacques Duphly: La Victoire (detail, from 2nd Livre de Pièces de clavecin , Paris 1748, dedicated to Mme. Victoire de France )

Jacques Duphly (also du Phly , Dufly , Du Flitz and Duflitz ; born January 12, 1715 in Rouen , † July 15, 1789 in Paris ) was a French composer , harpsichordist and organist.

life and work

Jacques Duphly was the son of Jacques-I. Duphly and Marie-Louise Boyvin; his maternal grandfather was Jacques Boyvin , organist at Rouen Cathedral (who was already dead when he was born). Duphly was a student of François d'Agincourt . In his youth he had several positions as organist: 1732–1734 at the Cathedral of Évreux , from 1734 at Saint-Éloi in Rouen; and there also from 1735 to 1737 with the Carmelites. On April 13, 1740 he also took a job in Notre-Dame-la-Ronde, where his sister helped him. He also gave harpsichord and organ lessons.

In 1742 Duphly went to Paris, where he first lived in the Rue de la Verrerie. There he devoted himself exclusively to harpsichord playing and lessons; in Marpurg's opinion he did not want to ruin his hands on the keys of an organ. Duphly earned his living as a freelance artist and virtuoso , and frequented the salons of elegant Parisian society. Pierre d'Acquin de Chateau-Lyon, the son of Louis-Claude Daquin , wrote about Duphly: “In the company ([le monde]) you have certainly heard of M. Duflitz [= Duphly], a pupil of d ' Agincourt… he is considered a very good harpsichordist in Paris. You can find a lot of fluency [ légèreté ] in the attack and a certain softness, which, supported by decorations, give several of his pieces a wonderful character ”. He also enjoyed an excellent reputation as a teacher, so much so that in his article on fingering in the Dictionnaire de Musique (1768) Jean-Jacques Rousseau referred to Duphly as an “... excellent master of the harpsichord, who above all was the perfection of the Fingering ".

Duphly published four volumes of Pièces de clavecin : 1744, 1748, 1756 and 1768; the second book was dedicated to Mme. Victoire , a daughter of Louis XV. His music is one of the most important things that was written for harpsichord in this late phase. Stylistically it is still based on the harpsichord works by François Couperin and especially Jean-Philippe Rameau , but is also heavily influenced by Domenico Scarlatti's Essercizi , published in 1739 , both stylistically and technically (e.g. extensive arpeggios , overlapping hands). Scarlatti's influence is e.g. B. clearly in the pieces La Vanlo , La Tribolet , La Cazamajor , La Larare , La Millettina des 1er Livre (1744), or in La Victoire , La De Villeroy , La De Vatre , La Lanza , La Damanzy , La De Redemond and La De Caze in the 2nd Livre (1748). In the 3me Livre (1756) there are solo works as well as some pieces with accompaniment of a violin, in the succession of Élisabeth Jacquet de La Guerre , and Cassanea de Mondonville , or the Pièces de clavecin en concert by Rameau. Duphly's last works show early classical and gallant features. Some pieces from his first book were also published by Marpurg (in Raccolta delle più nuove composizioni per clavicembalo. Leipzig 1757), and the second book was also published in England in 1764 by John Walsh II .

Jacques Duphly: Quatrième Livre de Pièces de Clavecin (Paris 1768) - title page with the dedication to the Marquise de Juigné, in whose Hôtel Duphly last lived and died

It is known that Duphly continued to teach after 1768. In 1788 he was searched for as missing: The Journal Général de la France published an advertisement that year that they wanted to know what had become of Monsieur du Phly , formerly maître de clavecin of Paris, and where he had been in 1767. If he was no longer alive, the heirs should report because they had something to say.

On July 15, 1789, one day after the storming of the Bastille , Duphly died in Paris, in an apartment in the Hôtel de Juigné , which he had lived in since 1784. No musical instrument is listed in the inventory of his property at the time of his death, but he lived in a certain prosperity and, among other things, had a a. about “numerous pensions” and a charge d'écuyer du roi . Duphly had been in contact with the Juigné family for a long time, as his fourth harpsichord book from 1768 was dedicated to the Marquise de Juigné. We also know that Antoine de Sartine , the old Lieutenant General of the Police and State Secretary of the Navy, a patron of the arts, to whom Duphly dedicated a piece in his fourth harpsichord book (La Sartine) , lived at the same address in 1785, in the Hôtel de Juigné, quai Malaquais .

Duphly was never married. He bequeathed a considerable portion of his property to his servant, who had shared his life and worked for him for 30 years.

grades

  • Pièces de Clavecin - Premier Livre. 1744. Facsimile. Edition JM Fuzeau, Courlay 1990.
  • Pièces de Clavecin - Second Livre. 1748. Facsimile. Courlay: Edition JM Fuzeau, Courlay 1990.
  • Troisième Livre de Pièces de Clavecin. 1756. Performer's Facsimiles, New York (undated).
  • Quatrième Livre de Pièces de Clavecin. 1768. Performer's Facsimiles, New York (undated).

literature

  • David Fuller:  Duphly, Jacques. In: Grove Music Online (English; subscription required).
  • Denis Herlin:  Duphly, Jacques. In: Ludwig Finscher (Hrsg.): The music in past and present . Second edition, personal section, volume 5 (Covell - Dzurov). Bärenreiter / Metzler, Kassel et al. 2001, ISBN 3-7618-1115-2 , Sp. 1631–1634 ( online edition , subscription required for full access).
  • Philippe Lescat: Biographie de Jacques Duphly (tabular). In: Jacques Duphly: Pièces de Clavecin - Premier Livre. 1744. Facsimile, ed. v. J. Saint-Arroman. Edition JM Fuzeau, Courlay 1990, p. IV.
  • Françoise Petit: Sur l'œuvre de Jacques Duphly. In: Courrier musical de France , 23 (1968), pp. 188-190.
  • Text for the LP: Le Clavecin Français by Pauline Aubert. Vogue MC 20123.

Web links

Commons : Jacques Duphly  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Remarks

  1. ↑ The name forms Duflitz and Du Flitz used Titon du Tillet and Pierre d'Acquin de Chateau-Lyon, the son of Louis-Claude Daquin .
  2. ↑ The French word légèreté actually means “lightness”, but usually appears as instructions for making music before fast, virtuoso pieces, which is particularly true of Duphly's music.
  3. ↑ "On vous a sûrement parlé dans le monde de M. Duflitz, élève d'Agincourt. ... il passe à Paris pour un très bon claveciniste. On lui trouve beaucoup de légèreté dans le toucher et une certaine mollesse, qui, soutenu par des grâces, rend à merveille le caractère de plusieurs de ses pièces. "
  4. ↑ "... excellent Maître de clavecin et qui possède surtout la perfection du doigte."
  5. ↑ Lescat claims that Rousseau asked Duphly for an article of his own.
  6. ↑ The first piece also bears the title La Victoire as an allusion to the princess , the character of the piece corresponds to the meaning of the French word victoire = victory.
  7. ↑ Herlin assumes that Duphly knew sonatas by Scarlatti from a four-volume Paris edition that were printed by his own publisher Mme Vendôme, but the last two volumes only in 1751 and 1756.
  8. ↑ That is in detail u. a. noticeable in the form of Alberti basses.
  9. ↑ D. h. a position at court as a squire or stable master (?) of the king.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Denis Herlin:  Duphly, Jacques. In: Ludwig Finscher (Hrsg.): The music in past and present . Second edition, personal section, volume 5 (Covell - Dzurov). Bärenreiter / Metzler, Kassel et al. 2001, ISBN 3-7618-1115-2 , Sp. 1631–1634 ( online edition , subscription required for full access).
  2. ↑ a b c d e Philippe Lescat: Biographie de Jacques Duphly (tabular). In: Jacques Duphly: Pièces de Clavecin - Premier Livre , 1744. Facsimile, ed. v. J. Saint-Arroman. Edition JM Fuzeau, Courlay 1990, p. IV.
  3. ↑ Yonit Lea Kosovske: Historical Harpsichord Technique: Developing "La douceur du toucher". Indiana University Press, 2011, p. 67.
  4. ^ Philippe Lescat: Biographie de Jacques Duphly (tabular). In: Jacques Duphly: Pièces de Clavecin - Premier Livre , 1744. Facsimile, ed. v. J. Saint-Arroman. Edition JM Fuzeau, Courlay 1990, p. IV.
  5. ^ Pièces de Clavecin - Second Livre , 1748. Facsimile. Édition JM Fuzeau, Courlay 1990, pp. 7, 9 (foreword), pp. 2-3 (sheet music).
  6. ↑ Élisabeth Jacquet de la Guerre: Pieces de Clavecin qui peuvent se jouer sur le violon. (with violin), 1707. Facsimile, ed. v. Catherine Cessac and J. Saint-Arroman. Edition JM Fuzeau, Courlay 2000.
  7. ^ Jean-Joseph Cassanéa de Mondonville: 1) Pièces de clavecin en sonates , op. 3 (6 sonatas for harpsichord with accompaniment of the violin), 1734. And 2): Pièces de clavecin avec voix ou violon. (with voice or violin), Op. 5, 1748.
  8. ^ Jean-Philippe Rameau: Pieces de Clavecin en concerts. (with violin or flute, and viol or 2nd violin). 1741 (Ed. By ER Jacobi. Bärenreiter, Kassel et al. 1961/1988).
  9. ^ Title page of Quatrième Livre de Pièces de Clavecin , 1768. Performer's Facsimiles, New York (undated).
  10. ^ Arnaud de Maurepas, Antoine Boulant: Les ministres et les ministères du siècle des Lumières. P. 249.
personal data
SURNAME Duphly, Jacques
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Phly, you; Dufly, Jacques
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French composer, harpsichordist and organist
DATE OF BIRTH January 12, 1715
PLACE OF BIRTH Rouen
DATE OF DEATH July 15, 1789
Place of death Paris