Hunted up
The Jaghnoben ( Tajik Яғнобиҳо ), also Jagnoben, Jaghnobi, Yaghnobi ( Russian Ягнобцы ) are a people who mainly live in the river valleys of Jagnob and Warsob north of the capital Dushanbe in Tajikistan .
Way of life
The Jaghnoben, who are closely related in their way of life to the Galtscha ( mountain Tajiks ) and the Pamir peoples, speak their own language, the Jaghnobi , which contains remnants of the no longer existing Sogdian language . This fact suggests a relationship between the hunting up and the Sogdians . In 1966 there were still 2000 Jagnoben counted, but now they are counted among the Tajiks . Jaghnobi belongs to the eastern group of Iranian languages , the literary language is Tajik . The hunted language is now threatened with extinction, as many hunted above have left the traditional settlement areas in the river valleys of northern Tajikistan and live in urban centers such as Dushanbe. In the Jagnobtal the language is passed on, but not taught in schools.
Most of the hunting upstairs live from agriculture , with the shady sides of the river valleys being used for cultivation. Among other things, barley , wheat and peas are grown. The houses of the Jaghnoben are mostly built of stone, as wood is hardly available in the region. Most of the time, the houses are built in the immediate vicinity of irrigated fields. In the hunting up there is a widespread division of labor between men and women. Men are responsible for the irrigation of the fields and for the hunt, women look after the animals. Because fruit and vegetables can hardly be grown in the high river valleys, they are imported from other regions.
history
The original settlement of the today's settlement area of the Jaghnoben went back to Zoroastrians , who fled to the remote river valleys during the Islamic expansion . Today the hunting up is of the Muslim faith, Zoroastrian traditions have hardly been preserved. Originally the Jaghnoben lived exclusively on the Jaghnob river, in the 16th and 17th centuries the valleys of the Warsob river also became settlement areas for the Jaghnoben. The Jaghnoben were mentioned as early as 1820 by the German-Baltic explorer Georg von Meyendorff , who reported on them as part of a Russian mission to Bukhara . The first contact of a European with the hunt up took place during a research trip of the Russian orientalist Alexander L. Kuhn in the 1870s. During the Soviet rule in Tajikistan in the 1970s, many hunted upbows were deported . Belonging to the Jaghnoben people was not taken into account, Jaghnoben were simply registered as Tajiks . In 1990, a decision by the Council of Ministers in Dushanbe made it possible to restore the villages abandoned as part of the deportations, but the jagnobic diaspora still existed. After independence, the Tajik Academy of Sciences was given the task of supporting the preservation of the Jaghnobi. In modern Tajikistan, the hunting above do not have minority status , as this is reserved for population groups with at least 52,000 members. The majority of the Jaghnoben live in other parts of Tajikistan after the deportations in the 1970s, only about 1,000 Jaghnoben still live in the traditional settlement areas in the valleys of Warsob and Jagnob.
Todays situation
The majority of the hunting tops that live scattered across the Tajik state are now largely assimilated. In the traditional settlement areas of the Jaghnoben the language and culture of the people is passed on. An obstacle here is education, because general instruction is not given on Jaghnobi, so that most of the hunting above only have primary education. The infrastructure in the settlement area of the Jaghnoben is hardly developed, construction measures are made difficult by the mountainous location. Plans to set up an ethnographic park to protect the prey have not yet been implemented. Due to the lack of government support for hunting above, many non-governmental organizations are active in this area.
literature
- Erika Fatland: Sovietistan - A journey through Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan, 2017
- Anti-Discrimination Center (Ed.): Alternative Report on Tajikistan's Implementation of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, 2017
See also
Individual evidence
- Jump up ↑ Rudolf A. Mark, The People of the Former Soviet Union, 2nd revised and expanded edition, 1992, Opladen, ISBN 3-531-12075-1 .
- ^ The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire. Retrieved March 24, 2019 .
- ↑ Yaghnobi - Encyclopaedia Iranica. Retrieved June 19, 2019 .