Jan Zyndram from Maszkowice

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Fantasy representation of Jan Zyndrams von Maszkowice in the painting Battle of Grunwald , a historical painting by Jan Matejko , oil on canvas, National Museum Warsaw

Jan Zyndram von Maszkowice (lat. Johannes Sindram , * around 1355; † 1414) was a Polish knight, probably of German origin and royal general in the campaign of the Kingdom of Poland against the Teutonic Order , which led to the battle of Tannenberg .

Life

Zyndram was first mentioned in 1388 as the mayor of Jasło . There are several theories of the origin of Zyndram. According to W. Semkowicz, he came from a German family of townspeople in Nowy Sącz (Neusandez), originally from Bielawa in Lower Silesia . Zyndram became known as the standard bearer of the Polish crown. In February 1390 Zyndram took part in a campaign against the Teutonic Order from Lithuania .

Zyndram was appointed to organize the defense of the castle on the Way of the Cross of Kamieniec Litewski , east of the impassable forests of Lithuania. As a result of the successful fulfillment of this task, he was appointed Starost of Jasło in the Biecz district, where he owned several villages.

In 1409 Zyndram was appointed general of the Polish King Władysław II Jagiełło as part of the war against the Teutonic Order . During the Battle of Tannenberg in 1410, Zyndram acted as general of the crown and at the same time as leader of the elite banner of Cracow . According to the Annales seu Cronicae incliti Regni Poloniae by Johannes Longinus , fighters from Zyndram's Krakow banner killed Grand Master Ulrich von Jungingen .

Słońce - the coat of arms of Jan Zyndram from Maszkowice

In 1413, Zyndram enlarged his domain through a lease of the village of Przesiecznica from the dominion of the Bishop of Przemyśl in exchange for the defense of the area against the Tatars and bandits from the Beskydy Mountains . The exact date of his death is not known, but on June 5, 1414 his wife Anna was named "Widow of Zyndram".

Zyndram's participation in the Battle of Tannenberg was received by Henryk Sienkiewicz in his novel The Crusaders .

literature

Contemporary chronicles

  • Johannes Longinus (Jan Długosz): Banderia Prutenorum
  • Jan Długosz: Annales seu Cronicae incliti Regni Poloniae (Chronicle of Poland, around 1445-1480).
  • Jan Herburt : Chronica sive historiae Polonicae compendiosa ( Basileae ); 1571, p. 338.
  • Unknown author: Cronica conflictus Wladislai, regis Poloniae, cum cruciferis anno Christi 1410

Source editions

Scientific literature

Bibliographies

  • Mečislovas Jučas: Žalgirio mūšis ; [The Battle of Grunwald]; Vilnius 1999 reception
  • Wolfgang Sonthofen: The German Order ; Weltbild, Augsburg 1995, ISBN 3-89350-713-2
  • Stephen Turnbull: Tannenberg 1410 , Osprey Publishing, Campaign 122, Oxford 2003, ISBN 1-84176-561-9

Fiction

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Marian Friedberg. Kultura polska a niemiecka. 1946. t. 1, p. 161. op. Cit. Przegląd Historyczny, 1910 nr 11 [przypisy tamże]; Marek Zybura . Niemcy w Polsce. 2004
  2. ↑ Tomasz Jurek (editor): MASZKOWICE ( pl ) In: Słownik Historyczno-Geograficzny Ziem Polskich w Średniowieczu. Edycja elektroniczna . PAN . 2010-2016. Retrieved April 22, 2019.
  3. ^ Ernst Wichert : Heinrich von Plauen in the Gutenberg-DE project
personal data
SURNAME Zyndram from Maszkowice, Jan
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Polish knight and royal general
DATE OF BIRTH around 1355
DATE OF DEATH 1414