Jangsu from Goguryeo

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Korean spelling
Hangeul 장수왕
Hanja 長壽 王
Revised
Romanization 		Jangsu-wang
McCune-
Reischauer 		Changsu Wang

Jangsu of Goguryeo (* 394, † 491 AD, ruled 412 / 413-491 AD) was the 20th ruler of Goguryeo , the northernmost of the Three Kingdoms of Korea . He was the eldest son of Gwanggaeto by Goguryeo . In 408 AD he was made crown prince. The date of his father's death is given as either AD 412 or AD 413, depending on the source. It is therefore not clear in which year Jangsu became king.

Jangsu was ruler while Goguryeo was a powerful empire in East Asia and in its golden age. Like his father before him, Jangsu expanded his empire through campaigns of conquest. But he also acted skillfully in diplomacy and, like his father, created a kind of loose alliance between Goguryeo, Baekje and Silla , which formed the Three Kingdoms of Korea . In addition, political, economic and institutional systems were perfected during Jangsu's long reign.

The General's Mausoleum in Ji'an , China, the former capital of Goguryeo. Chinese historians believe that this is the tomb of Jangsus and his family. Many Korean historians suspect his grave is in Pjöngyang , which became the new capital of Goguryeo on the initiative of Jangsu. (July 2010).

He is credited with erecting the Gwanggaeto stele , which today is the oldest and most detailed source on the history of Goguryeo. Jangsu's posthumously given temple name is "long life". This is due to his 79-year reign up to the age of 98, making him the longest ruling monarch in East Asian history.

First years of rule

In the first years of his rule, Jangsu concentrated on stabilizing an empire that had grown rapidly in a short time due to the conquests of Gwanggaeto. Together with the mausoleum, which presumably served as a burial place for his father and later for himself, he had the Gwanggaeto stele built in what is now China . On this 6 meter high tombstone the story of Goguryeo was engraved with over 1800 Chinese characters ( Hanja ).

In the year 427 AD Jangsu relocated the capital of the kingdom of Guonei Cheng , in today's area of Ji'an , to the geographically better located area of ​​today's Pyongyang . According to the research of Christopher I. Beckwith , the name at that time was "Pɨyna".

Dealing with the Chinese dynasties and southern neighbors

When Gwanggaeto ruled Goguryeo, China was largely ruled by five Wu Hu and divided into numerous small states. During this time Goguryeo annexed the two states of Later Yan and Liaoning. When Jangsu came to power, the chaos in China slowly subsided. The unification of northern China by the Northern Wei Dynasty became a major turning point during Jangsu's rule, as a new, powerful neighbor emerged in the immediate vicinity. With skillful diplomacy, Jangsu was able to play off the Northern Wei Dynasty against its southern neighbors. In general, Jangsu maintained contact and good relations with all northern and western empires, including the Northern Wei Dynasty, the Rouran and the Southern Qi Dynasty .

Goguryeo at the height of his power ca.476.

South of Goguryeo there were only three competitors at the time: Baekje , Silla and Gaya , the latter never becoming a strong power due to its position between Baekje and Silla. The other two states were smaller than Goguryeo, but due to the mutual marriage of the ruling families, they were able to form an alliance that could prevent their northern neighbors from ruling the entire peninsula. Baekje tried in AD 472 to get the Northern Wei Dynasty to take military action against Goguryeo. When this project failed, Goguryeo resorted to a ruse to conquer Baekje. A Buddhist monk was sent south to destabilize the empire. In fact, the monk managed to win the trust of King Gaero and persuade him to spend huge sums on building projects, thereby weakening the national treasury. In AD 475, Jangsu launched the invasion of the destabilized empire and was able to penetrate and capture the capital Wiryeseong. The remaining forces of Baekje withdrew to what is now Gongju .

Next, Jangsu focused on Silla. Between AD 468 and AD 489, Jangsu conquered seven fortified cities.

Death and inheritance

Jangsu died in AD 491 at the age of 98. His temple name means "long life". Goguryeo flourished during Jangsu's rule, stretching from Inner Mongolia to south of the Hangang Bed.

Modern representations

In the mobile game Age of Empires: World Domination , Jangsu can be chosen as a hero for the Korean civilization.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Justin, Historical Dictionary of Pyongyang, 2014, Anthem Press, ISBN 978-1-78308-341-1 , page XV, https://books.google.co.kr/books?id=5zKWBQAAQBAJ&pg=PR15&dq=king+jangsu&hl = ko & sa = X & ved = 0ahUKEwiQ6tPut9jKAhVL8WMKHScICWQQ6AEIQzAG # v = onepage & q = king% 20jangsu & f = false , last visited November 21, 2018
  2. ^ Cohen, Warren I., East Asia at the Center: Four Thousand Years of Engagement with the World, Columbia University Press., Page 50, ISBN 978-0-231-50251-1 , https://books.google.ch / books? id = Okjd2rDwb8IC & q =% 22Koguryo% 27s + Golden + Age% 22 & redir_esc = y # v = snippet & q =% 22Koguryo's% 20Golden% 20Age% 22 & f = false , last visited November 21, 2018
  3. ↑ Embree, Ainslie Thomas, Encyclopedia of Asian history, Scribner, page 324, ISBN 978-0-684-18899-7 , https://books.google.ch/books?id=LtwpAQAAMAAJ&q=%22Neventy,+the+reigns + of + Kwanggaet% 27o + and + his + successor + Changsu + (413-491) + constituted + the + golden + age + of + Koguryo.% 22 & redir_esc = y , last visited November 21, 2018
  4. ^ Lee, Ki-Baik, A New History of Korea, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, p. 38, ISBN 0-674-61576-X , "He held China in check by employing a diplomatic strategy of maintaining ties with both the Northern and Southern Dynasties, thus enabling him to manipulate these two contending forces to Kogury's advantage. "
  5. ↑ Lee, Ki-Baik, A New History of Korea, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, pp. 38-40, ISBN 0-674-61576-X
  6. ↑ ICOMOS; Kim, Lena, Koguryo Tomb Murals: World Cultural Heritage, Giljabi Media, page 99, https://books.google.co.kr/books?id=xR-GBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA99&dq=king+jangsu&hl=ko&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiQ6tPut9jKAhVICL8WMKEHSc v = onepage & q = king% 20jangsu & f = false , Last visited November 21, 2018
  7. ↑ Jeon, Hotae, Koguryo = Koguryo, the origin of Korean power & pride, Seoul: Northeast Asia History Foundation, pages 25-27, ISBN 978-89-91448-83-4
  8. ↑ Beckwith, Christopher I., Koguryo, The Language of Japan's Continental Relatives, Leiden / Boston: Brill, pp. 53f
  9. ↑ Walthall, Anne; Ebrey, Patricia Buckley, East Asia: a cultural, social, and political history (3rd ed.), Boston, MA: Wadsworth, page 103, ISBN 978-1-133-60647-5
  10. ↑ Jeon, Hotae, Koguryo = Koguryo, the origin of Korean power & pride, Seoul: Northeast Asia History Foundation, pages 25-27, ISBN 978-89-91448-83-4
  11. ↑ Lee, Ki-Baik, A New History of Korea, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, p. 38, ISBN 0-674-61576-X . "He held China in check by employing a diplomatic strategy of maintaining ties with both the Northern and Southern Dynasties, thus enabling him to manipulate these two contending forces to Kogury's advantage."
  12. ↑ Kim, Jinwung, A History of Korea: From "Land of the Morning Calm" to States in Conflict, Indiana University Press, p. 36, ISBN 0-253-00078-5 , "China's split into the Northern and Southern dynasties afforded him an opportunity to diplomatically maneuver these two bitterly contending forces to Koguryŏ's advantage. "
  13. ↑ Walker, Hugh Dyson, East Asia: A New History, AuthorHouse, page 137, ISBN 978-1-4772-6517-8 , https://books.google.ch/books?id=GBvRs-za0CIC&pg=PA137&redir_esc=y # v = onepage & q & f = false , last accessed November 24, 2018
  14. ↑ Kim, Bushik, Samguk Sagi, http://db.history.go.kr/item/level.do?levelId=sg_025_0070_0050 , last accessed on November 24, 2018
  15. ↑ Yi, I-hwa; Lee E-Wha; Ju-Hee Park, Korea's pastimes and customs, Homa & Sekey Books, pages 4-5, ISBN 978-1-931907-38-5
  16. ^ Historical Survey Society, Seoul: a field guide to history (English ed.), Paju: Dolbegae Publishers, page 16, ISBN 978-89-7199-289-0
  17. ^ Korean Historical Research Association, A history of Korea, London: Saffron Books, page 43, ISBN 978-1-872843-87-2
  18. ↑ "장수왕", 민족 문화 대백과 사전, Academy of Korean Studies, http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/Index?contents_id=E0048605 , last accessed November 24, 2018
personal data
SURNAME Jangsu
ALTERNATIVE NAMES 長壽 王
BRIEF DESCRIPTION 20. King of Goguryeo
DATE OF BIRTH 394
DATE OF DEATH 491