Japods

Iapodes, northeast of Liburnia

The Japoden also Iapoden , Iapyden ( latin Iapodes, Iapydes ; Greek  Ἰάποδες ) were a Celtic tribe , the settlement area from Ocra -Gebirge (area around Nanos and Birnbaumer woods ) in Karst on the upper Save and northeast of Istria to the valley of the Una was enough. The easternmost part of Noricum was incorporated into the new province of Pannonia in the 1st century AD . One of their main places was Arupium, today's Prozor in the municipality of Otočac . Other important places of the Japods were Metulum (today Viničica in the municipality Josipdol ), Raetinium (today Bihać ), Avendo (today Crkvina in the municipality Otočac) and Monetium (today Brinje ).

Neighbors of the Japods in the north were the Noriker , to whom they are sometimes counted as a client tribe, in the southwest the Liburnians and Histrians and in the east the Taurisans .

history

It is not certain whether they were of purely Celtic origin or mixed with the Venetian and Illyrian populations; in any case, they were largely Celtic . Strabon ( Geographika 4, 6, 10) calls them Celtic Illyrians. The name "Iapodes" is obviously not of Celtic origin.

The Japods worshiped a spring god Bindus , to whom a temple not far from Bihać was dedicated.

Since the year 171 BC BC, where they attacked and devastated Aquileia , the Japods were opponents of the Romans in some battles, for example against Decimus Junius Brutus Callaicus (consul 138 BC), Gaius Sempronius Tuditanus (consul 129 BC) and in Caesar's time against the Legio XV . In the year 34 BC They finally had to make peace with the later emperor Augustus and were given partial autonomy ( praepositus Iapodum ) for their area . The Japod civitas have been shown to exist until at least the first half of the 2nd century AD.

literature

• Helmut Birkhan : Celts. Attempt at a complete representation of their culture. Publishing house of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1997, ISBN 3-7001-2609-3 .
• Harry Mountain: The Celtic Encyclopedia . Universal-Publishers, 1998, ISBN 9781-5811-2890-1 .
• János Szilágyi : Iapodes. In: The Little Pauly (KlP). Volume 2, Stuttgart 1967, column 1319.
• Karel Kurz: On the ethnicity of the Japods . Listy filologické / Folia philologica, Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences , vol. 90, no. 3 (1967), pp. 259-269.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ http://pleiades.stoa.org/places/197143
2. ↑ http://pleiades.stoa.org/places/197380
3. ↑ http://pleiades.stoa.org/places/197152
4. ↑ http://pleiades.stoa.org/places/197384
5. ↑ Strabon: Geography 4.6.10 , in: Tim G. Parkin, Arthur John Pomeroy: Roman Social History: A Sourcebook. Routledge, 2007, p. 257, ISBN 9781-1340-9125-6 .
6. ↑ Helmut Birkhan: Celts. Attempt at a complete representation of their culture. Pp. 149, 251.
7. ↑ Harry Mountain: The Celtic Encyclopedia. P. 181.