Jean-Baptiste-Michel Bucquet

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Jean-Baptiste-Michel Bucquet (born February 18, 1746 in Paris , † January 24, 1780 ) was a French doctor and chemist .

Life

J.-B.-M. Bucquet was the son of a lawyer and was supposed to take over his father's office , but soon gave up his law studies in favor of medical school . His father was the lawyer at Parlement Antoine-Joseph Bucquet and his mother Marthe-Denyse Bucquet, née Marotin.

In 1770 he was awarded the title Docteur-Régent at the Faculty of Medicine in Paris , but chemistry had become his main interest during this time. His enthusiasm for chemistry was shaped by the conviction that it was the key to natural history and medicine. From 1775 to 1777 J.-B.-M. Bucquet professor of pharmacy at the medical faculty and after the death of Augustin Roux (1726–1776) received a chair in chemistry. J.-B.-M. Bucquet gave his first public chemistry course in 1777. In addition to these public lectures, he gave lectures in private laboratories, which he had to discontinue from autumn 1779 for health reasons.

At various times during his academic career, J.-B.-M. Bucquet courses in botany , physiology , anatomy , hygiene and medicine .

Bucquet's PhD theses kept in the Bibliothèque de l'Arsenal in Paris:

  • An digestio alimentorum, vera digestio chymica? dated January 1769
  • An recèns nato, lac recèns enixae matris? dated March 1769
  • An in febre malignâ balneum? dated January 1770
  • An in partu difficili, sola manus instrumentum? dated March 1770

In February 1777, J.-B.-M. Bucquet elected a member of the Société Royale de Médecine .

One of his students is Antoine de Fourcroy , who later became a close associate of Lavoisier.

Scientific achievements

Among the published works by J.-B.-M. Bucquet are representations of the analysis of minerals and the chemistry of gases . He modified David MacBrides (1726–1778) apparatus to produce and examine "fixed air" (carbon dioxide, CO 2 ), and showed that a reaction with quicklime (CaO) only takes place in aqueous solution . Bucquet's work on gases was probably of great use to Antoine Laurent de Lavoisier (1743–1794) (see also phlogiston or phlogiston theory). Between January and September of 1777, Bucquet and Lavoisier worked on various joint research projects.

In addition to the memoirs , Bucquet publishes books on mineral and plant chemistry.

Works

  • J.-B.-M. Bucquet: Introduction to the étude des corps naturels tirés du règne minéral . 2 vols. Paris 1771.
  • J.-B.-M. Bucquet: Introduction à l'étude des corps naturels tirés du règne végétal . 2 vols. Paris 1773.
  • J.-B.-M. Bucquet: Analyze de la zéolite .. de l'Imprimerie Royale, Paris 1780.
  • J.-B.-M. Book: Mémoire sur quelques circonstances qui accompagnent la décomposition du sel ammoniac par la chaux vive . de l'Imprimerie Royale, Paris 1780.
  • J.-B.-M. Bucquet: Premier mémoire sur plusieurs combinaisons salines de l'arsenic . de l'Imprimerie Royale, Paris 1780.
  • J.-B.-M. Bucquet: Memoire sur la maniere dont les animaux sont affectes par les differents fluides aeriformes mephitiques. 1778.

literature

  • FL Holmes: Lavoisier & the Chemistry of Life: An Exploration of Scientific Creativity. Univ. of Wisconsin Press, 1987.
  • R. Siegfried, JM Forrester: From Elements to Atoms: A History of Chemical Composition. Amer. Philosophical Society, 2002.
  • R. Hahn: Anatomy of a Scientific Institution: Paris Academy of Sciences, 1666-1803. University of California Press, 1971.
  • Bernadette Bensaude-Vincent: A view of the chemical revolution through contemporary textbooks: Lavoisier, Fourcroy and Chaptal. In: The British Journal for the History of Science. Volume 23, 1990, pp. 435-460.
  • Jonathan Simon: Chemistry, Pharmacy And Revolution in France, 1777-1809 . Ashgate, 2005.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Histoire de l'Académie royale des sciences: Éloge de Jean-Baptiste-Michel Bucquet par Condorcet ( Memento of February 15, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 1.1 MB).
  2. ^ Encyclopedia.com: Bucquet, Jean-Baptiste Michel .
  3. ^ E. Ashworth Underwood: Lavoisier and the History of Respiration. In: Proc R Soc Med. Volume 37, No. 6, April 1944, pp. 247-262, PMC 2180993 (free full text).
personal data
SURNAME Bucquet, Jean-Baptiste-Michel
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French doctor and chemist
DATE OF BIRTH February 18, 1746
PLACE OF BIRTH Paris
DATE OF DEATH January 24, 1780