Yevgenia Moiseevna Ratner

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Yevgenia Moiseevna Ratner

Yevgenia Moiseevna Ratner , also Elkind, Ratner-Elkind , ( Russian Евгения Моисеевна Ратнер , also Russian Элькинд, Ратнер-Элькинд * 1886 in Smolensk , † 1931 in Moscow ) was a Russian revolutionary and economist .

Life

Ratner's parents were the doctor and honorary citizen of Smolensk Moissei Hirschewitsch Ratner, who died early, and Marija Lvovna nee Schmer. Ratner graduated from the Smolensk Girls' High School. In 1902 she became a member of the new Social Revolutionary Party (SR). In April 1904 she was arrested in connection with the trial of the organization of the Smolensk SR Committee. During the Russian Revolution of 1905 , she organized a demonstration in Smolensk in February 1905 and gave a speech in the People's House , the police report noted. During the December uprising in Moscow they fought on the barricades in Rajon Presnya and in the Prokhorov - Manufaktur . She was the organizer and member of the SR Northwest Oblast Office .

Ratner graduated from the University of Zurich .

During the February Revolution of 1917 Ratner worked for the SR in Petrograd and Moscow. She was elected to the Moscow City Duma . She was a member of the preliminary advisory parliament of the Provisional Government in Petrograd, in which she belonged to the left wing of the SR.

After the October Revolution , Ratner was elected to the SR Central Committee at the IV SR Congress in December 1917 and entered its office. In the summer of 1918 she stayed in Moscow, worked underground and headed the Moscow office of the SR Central Committee. In August 1919 she was the managing director of the Moscow Department of Section VIII of the State General Archive Fund .

Ratner was arrested on October 9, 1919 and released after a while. In 1920 she was arrested again and first went to Lubyanka and then to Butyrka with her three-year-old son Alexander . On May 10, 1921, she sent an open letter to Feliks Dzierżyński , in which she described the violation of the rights of a minor child in a Soviet prison. On August 7, 1922, in the trial against the SR, she was sentenced to death by the Supreme Revolutionary Tribunal at the All-Russian Central Executive Committee (WZIK) and transferred to the Lubyanka. On August 8, 1922, the presidium of the WZIK suspended the execution of the sentence, whereupon their conditions of detention in the Lubyanka were tightened. She went on hunger strikes in March and July 1923 . On January 14, 1924, death by shooting was replaced by five years imprisonment. At the beginning of 1925 she was released from prison because of her cancer and sent to three years of exile in Ust-Zilma together with three children between the ages of 6 and 13 . In January 1925, she went on a nine-day hunger strike, after which she was transferred to Samarqand with her mother Maria Lvovna and their three children . There she worked as an economist. On March 6, 1930, Ratner and Nikolai Nikolajewitsch Ivanov , who was also in Samarqand, were accused of anti-party behavior at an illegal meeting of the Tashkent SR group because they worked with the communist press . In 1930 she was taken back to Moscow to the Butyrka Hospital, where she died of cancer in the spring of 1931.

Ratner had three brothers and was married to the SR member Lev Moissejewitsch Elkind, with whom she had two sons and a daughter. In her second marriage, she married the SR member Alexander Pawlowitsch Struschinski (1892-1937 or 1938).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e РАТНЕР Е. М. - ДЗЕРЖИНСКОМУ Ф. Э. (accessed on May 25, 2019).
  2. ↑ a b Жертвы политического террора в СССР (accessed on May 25, 2019).
  3. ↑ a b Костин Н. Д .: Десять покушений на Ленина. Отравленные пули .
  4. ↑ ДЕТИ ГУЛАГа (accessed May 25, 2019).
  5. ↑ Янсен Марк: Суд без суда. 1922 год. Показательный процесс социалистов-революционеров . Возвращение, Moscow, ISBN 5-7157-0037-X .
  6. ↑ Игорь Абросимов: Р - Ри - Свод персоналий (accessed May 25, 2019).
  7. ↑ ДЕЛО «РЕСТАВРАЦИЯ». ТАШКЕНТСКАЯ (1930 Г.) ПЛАТФОРМА ПАРТИИ СОЦИАЛИСТОВ-РЕВОЛЮЦИОНЕРОВ (accessed May 25, 2019).
  8. ↑ Российские социалисты и анархисты после Октября 1917 года - список (accessed May 26, 2019).
personal data
SURNAME Ratner, Yevgenia Moiseevna
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Elkind, Jewgenija Moissejewna; Ratner-Elkind, Jewgenija Moissejewna; Ратнер, Евгения Моисеевна; Элькинд, Евгения Моисеевна; Ратнер-Элькинд, Евгения Моисеевна (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian revolutionary and economist
DATE OF BIRTH 1886
PLACE OF BIRTH Smolensk
DATE OF DEATH 1931
Place of death Moscow